毛竹林光谱特征及其与典型植被光谱差异分析

以毛竹光谱特征为研究对象,通过对光谱曲线和一阶导数曲线进行分析,探明了不同季节毛竹林的光谱特征及其与典型树种的光谱差异,为毛竹林的遥感监测提供了理论依据。研究结果表明:1)毛竹光谱曲线在可见光波段出现1个反射峰和1个吸收谷,这2个峰的对应波长分别为556和680 nm, 近红外波段的反射率明显增大。2)大年毛竹林春季和夏季的一阶导数曲线的红边波段呈“双峰”,秋季和冬季呈“单峰”,夏季的红边位于700 nm,其他季节红边位于718 nm;小年毛竹林秋季的一阶导数曲线的红边波段呈“双峰”,冬季呈“单峰”,红边均位于718 nm;不同季节毛竹林红边振幅大小依次为:春季夏季冬季秋季。3)毛竹林与其他典型植被在500～600、660～680、700～900 nm 等波段的反射率差异明显,可作为遥感监测的最佳波段,并且“绿峰”、“红谷”、红边位置、红边振幅以及红边波段的“峰型”等特征可作为毛竹林遥感识别的主要参数,监测最佳季节是春季,其次为秋季。      

南京仙林地区次生林马尾松种群结构分析

【目的】更好地了解城市边缘马尾松种群的结构与现状。【方法】在样方调查数据的基础上,利用静态生命表、种群数量动态变化量化指数、时间序列预测模型等方法,对南京仙林地区马尾松种群进行了研究。【结果】结果表明,马尾松种群径级结构为纺锤形,幼树幼苗少,中间径级立木成维持种群发展的核心部分。生命表数据表明死亡率(qx)在Ⅵ径级前基本为负值,说明大量的幼树幼苗在前期死亡;目前,该马尾松种群的Deevey存活曲线为Ⅲ型,说明在生活史的各个时期,种群的存活率相差很大。存活率曲线、死亡曲线和致死率曲线均有较大幅度的变化,种群自然更新过程存在明显的周期性。种群结构动态指数在有干扰和无干扰情况下分别为0.264和0.300,偏离0的程度低。【结论】虽然目前依靠中等径级立木维持稳定的种群结构,但结合时间序列预测数据考虑,该种群为衰退种群。马尾松作为亚热带次生林的过渡种群,其种群的衰退与被其他物种替代,为正常现象;但地处城市边缘人为强烈干扰的存在,使得这一进程加速。     

林业信息共享中云计算应用

分析了当前林业信息共享中存在的主要问题和林业信息共享需求;简述了云计算的定义和服务模式;提出了林业信息共享"云"的架构思路,并详细设计了林业信息"云"的体系架构、数据共享模式和运行模式,指出了林业信息"云"实现的关键技术。     

一种新的基于小波变换的边缘检测算法

提出了一种新的基于小波变换的图像边缘检测算法。该算法首先按水平、垂直和对角方向对图像进行多尺度二进制小波变换,提取3个方向的小波系数。然后采用相邻尺度小波系数相乘的方法去除噪声,提取小波系数乘积的极大值点。最后将这3个方向上的极大点进行融合,形成图像的边缘。仿真实验表明,该算法具有较好的边缘检测和抑制噪声的能力,边缘检测效果明显优于传统的边缘检测方法。     

新疆沙漠边缘绿洲棉田抵御风沙措施研究

处于沙漠与绿洲边缘的棉田,风沙灾害严重,常造成大面积棉花受灾。研究并分析了风沙对边缘绿洲棉田危害类型及产生机理,提出了采取风障措施;农业综合技术;选择种植抗逆作物;实行麦棉邻作、麦棉带状间作;建立林草结合的防护林体系;保护绿洲-荒漠过渡带;加强农田的科学管理等7项防治措施。     

Study on Seismic Behavior of Edge Slab-column Connection

Under the action of lateral forces and vertical loads, the connection of reinforced concrete slab-column structure will not only transfer significant shear forces, but also unbalanced moment. As to the edge slab-column connection, even if there is no later force, it will also transfer unbalanced moment due to the asymmetry. Currently, most tests and studies focus on interior connections, but there are few tests or studies on edge slab-column connections. A relatively new type of shear reinforcement named shear-stud reinforcement was applied in edge column-slab connections and study on the seismic behavior of these connections was conducted. Tests and finite element analysis of three full-scale reinforced concrete edge slab-column connections subjected to gravity and unbalanced moment were completed in this paper, and main conclusions were as following: the bearing capacity, deformation capacity and seismic behavior of connections reinforced with shear-stud reinforcement are improved; deformation of specimens reinforced with shear-stud reinforcement could meet requirements of current codes; the performance of energy dissipating is as good as the common connections, and has reached the medium ductility level.     

Pattern and Composition of Secondary Succession Beneath Caribbean Pine Plantations of Southwest Sri Lanka

This study examined the vegetation growing beneath Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea) plantations established within previously abandoned tea lands adjacent to intact rain forest in southwest Sri Lanka. To examine the pattern and composition of secondary succession and factors affecting it, vegetation was sampled in different relative locations (interior and edge conditions) within plantations. Results demonstrated that more vegetation was found near the plantation edges than in the interior, and this pattern was prominent for both wind- and bird- dispersed species. The vegetation represented a mixture of species belonging to a range of successional guilds representing early (17 species, 42.4% in stem count) and late-successional species (52 species, 40.6%), although native long-lived canopy tree species were mostly absent. Bird-dispersed species dominated the flora (80 species, 86.7% in stem count). Abundance of an exotic shrub Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae) showed a negative correlation with that of other species, indicating its impact on native flora. Underplanting of native canopy species may be effective in assisting secondary succession and control C. hirta in the plantations.     

林窗理论在山地型城市森林建设中的应用前景

从森林循环演替、森林特殊的生境、边缘效应、森林植被物种多样性及森林景观格局多样性等方面论述了林窗干扰作用,并讨论了林窗理论在山地型城市森林建设中森林动态管理、森林景观格局优化和林相改造等方面的应用前景。     

一种农户到消费者的订单农业运作模式探讨

用信息技术提升改造传统农业运作模式,是一种加快推进农产品生产与消费对接、创新农产品流通方式、提高农业组织化程度、确保农产品质量安全、促进农业产业经济发展的新思路.在现有农业产业化和会员制农业研究基础上,融合农业供应链理论,提出了“C2C(Consumer to Consumer)农产品供应链”模式,并提供了实现“农户到消费者订单式农业”的核心流程.     

基于云计算和RFID技术的农产品物流信息系统研究

以安徽舒城调研为基础,分析影响农产品物流市场发展现状和存在的问题,并提出利用云计算平台、RFID智能物流管理等先进信息技术构建农产品物流信息管理系统,进而完善农产品质量安全溯源体系,充分降低物流成本,提升农产品的质量安全档次。