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991.
Nyland R. Falkenberg Giovanni Piccinni J. Tom Cothren Daniel I. Leskovar Charlie M. Rush 《Agricultural Water Management》2007
The applicability of commercially available remote sensing instrumentation was evaluated for site-specific management of abiotic and biotic stress on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown under a center pivot low energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation system. This study was conducted in a field where three irrigation regimes (100%, 75%, and 50% ETc) were imposed on areas of Phymatotrichum (root rot) with the specific objectives to (1) examine commercial remote sensing instrumentation for locating areas showing biotic and abiotic stress symptomology in a cotton field, (2) compare data obtained from commercial aerial infrared photography to that collected by infrared transducers (IRTs) mounted on a center pivot, (3) evaluate canopy temperature changes between irrigation regimes and their relationship to lint yield with IRTs and/or IR photography, and (4) explore the use of deficit irrigation and the use of crop coefficients for irrigation scheduling. Pivot-mounted IRTs and an IR camera were able to differentiate water stress among irrigation regimes. The IR camera distinguished between biotic (root rot) and abiotic (drought) stress with the assistance of groundtruthing. The 50% ETc regime had significantly higher canopy temperatures than the other two regimes, which was reflected in significantly lower lint yields when compared to the 75% and 100% ETc regimes. Deficit irrigation down to 75% ETc had no impact on lint yield, indicating that water savings were possible without reducing yield. 相似文献
992.
Evaluating a multi-level subsurface drainage system for improved drainage water quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper describes a multi-level drainage system, designed to improve drainage water quality. Results are presented from a field scale land reclamation experiment implemented in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of New South Wales, Australia. A traditional single level drainage system and a multi-level drainage system were compared in the experiment in an irrigated field setting. The single level drainage system consisted of 1.8 m deep drains at 20 m spacing. This configuration is typical of subsurface drainage system design used in the area. The multi-level drainage system consisted of shallow closely spaced drains (3.3 m spacing at 0.75 m depth) underlain by deeper widely spaced drains (20 m spacing at 1.8 m depth). Data on drainage flows and salinity, water table regime and soil salinity were collected over a 2-year period. 相似文献
993.
Effect of timing of first and last irrigation on the yield and water use efficiency in cotton 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
With increasing concern about declining water resources, there is increasing thrust in improving water management in farming systems to improve water use efficiency. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the optimum timing for the first and last irrigation of cotton on the basis of meteorological approach for scheduling irrigations. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three timings of first irrigation as main-plots and three timing of last irrigation as sub-plots. Delay of first irrigation from 28 days after sowing (DAS) to 42 DAS, irrespective of last irrigation, resulted in an increase of 8, 14 and 17% in seed cotton yield during first, second and third year, respectively. The corresponding increases due to delay in the last irrigation from 130 to 170 DAS were 14, 32 and 8%, respectively. On the basis of 3 years average, application of first and last irrigation at optimum time (after 42 and 170 days after sowing) resulted in an increase of 36% in seed cotton yield without involving any additional cost. Water expense efficiency (WEE) increased by 54%. 相似文献
994.
液压随动系统主配电气中位未整定准确和温漂作用是调速器系统出现主配频繁调节的主要原因之一。技术人员对调速器液压随动系统进行深入的理论研究,提出了静态平衡理论和主配中位纠偏原理,探索出了主配电气中位自适应方法,进而通过调速器电气控制系统自适应控制功能软件开发,实现了主配电气中位自动诊断及智能纠偏功能,并通过真机测试验证其功能效果,完美解决了液压随动系统主配电气中位未整定准确或由于温漂作用导致的调速器系统主配频繁调节问题,保证了机组和电网安全稳定运行。 相似文献
995.
996.
基于虚拟仪器技术,以数据采集卡及计算机为主要硬件平台,利用图形化编程语言LabVIEW编程,设计出内燃机数据采集与处理系统。研究结果表明该系统运行可靠,人机界面友好,操作使用方便,且便于用户扩展功能,实现了较高的性价比。该系统的开发成功对于加快内燃机试验进程以及深入开展科学研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
997.
灌溉水利用系数综合测定法实例分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
灌溉水利用系数是衡量农业节水效果的关键指标。目前各地区统计出的灌溉水利用系数差异极大。很多数据明显的存在错误,难以作为比较与衡量的标准。影响灌溉水利用系数正常测定的主要原因是传统测定方法存在测定工作量巨大、测定条件难以保证等。通过开展对灌溉水利用系数资料的搜集、整理并对灌区进行实地调研,在了解目前灌区灌溉水利用系数测量中存在问题及原因的基础上,对灌区灌溉水利用系数测量计算方法进行了分析研究,提出了测定灌溉水利用系数的综合测定计算方法。该方法既克服了传统测量方法中工作量大,需要大量人力、物力才能完成的缺点,又弥补了只测量典型渠段而引起较大误差的不足,而且能反映出灌区渠系用水情况、灌溉工程质量及灌溉用水管理水平等。以漳河灌区为例进行了应用分析。 相似文献
998.
John?W.?HornbuckleEmail author Evan?W.?Christen James?E.?Ayars Richard?D.?Faulkner 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2005,19(2):145-159
Recent community based actions to ensure the sustainability of irrigation and protection of associated ecosystems in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) of Australia has seen the implementation of a regional Land and Water Management Plan. This aims to improve land and water management within the irrigation area and minimise downstream impacts associated with irrigation. One of the plan objectives is to decrease current salt loads generated from subsurface drainage in perennial horticulture within the area from 20 000 tonnes/year to 17 000 tonnes/year. In order to meet such objectives Controlled Water table Management (CWM) is being investigated as a possible ‘Best Management Practice’, to reduce drainage volumes and salt loads.During 2000–2002 a trial was conducted on a 15 ha subsurface drained vineyard. This compared a traditional unmanaged subsurface drainage system with a controlled drainage system utilizing weirs to maintain water tables and changes in irrigation scheduling to maximize the potential crop use of a shallow water table. Drainage volumes, salt loads and water table elevations throughout the field were monitored to investigate the effects of controlled drainage on drain flows and salt loads.Results from the experiment showed that controlled drainage significantly reduced drainage volumes and salt loads compared to unmanaged systems. However, there were marked increases in soil salinity which will need to be carefully monitored and managed. 相似文献
999.
从改变点灌机整机的传动原理入手,使整机结构简单、布置合理、造价低廉;将所需要的灌水排量变为可调式,使水能及时、准确地注入穴位;简化了直流永磁电机的制作工艺,从上述诸方面阐述了行走式自动点灌机结构的设计特点,简述了该机的效益及应用前景,并对今后进一步的研究提出了建议。 相似文献
1000.