福建省南平5-17滑坡泥石流及防治对策

通过对福建省南平市延平区2002年5—17滑坡泥石流灾害的详细调查，综合分析了该滑坡泥石流形成的因素，阐述了灾害形成的原因。这次滑坡泥石流灾害是多因素综合作用的结果，但各因素所发挥作用的大小不一。主要因素是存在有利于滑坡形成的地质地貌条件，有长时间的暴雨激发，又有不合理的人为活动。针对灾害形成的原因提出了防治对策，以便对以后潜在的灾害进行调查与防治。     

Multi-element analysis of soils and sediments by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Soil and sediment reference materials were used to calibrate and evaluate an analytical method for the determination of major (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Mn, P, Ti) and trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mo, Mb, Ni, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sn, Sr, Th, U, V, Y, Zn, Zr) by sequential wavelength X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Samples were prepared as pressed pellets and analysis was done with a total measuring time of thirty minutes per sample. Special attention was given to the selection of the thirty reference materials used for calibration of the spectrometer. Another set of eleven RM (reference materials) was analyzed for the evaluation of accuracy. Detection limits for trace elements (1-2 mg kg^-1) are adequate both for geochemical and environmental purposes, except for Cd and Sb. Accuracy for trace elements falls within the expected interval of certified or recommended values in most cases, but for some major elements, like SiO₂, some results showed discrepancies, evidencing difficulties associated with the determination of light elements in complex matrices. But when quality criteria proposed by mapping programs are applied to the results, their requirements are fulfilled. Both instrumental precision, obtained by twelve sample replicate analyses, and analytical precision, considering also sub-sampling and pellet preparation, lie between the limits of the Horwitz expression, except at concentrations close to the detection limits.     

无公害、绿色及有机畜牧业生产构架与生态营养调控研究

阐述了无公害、绿色及有机畜牧业三者间的异同,无公害、绿色及有机畜牧业生产构架与生态营养调控的途径,并探讨了三者在我国的发展趋势及不同地域的策略选择,指出现阶段应以无公害畜牧业生产为主,以绿色和有机畜牧业生产为辅;随其技术的成熟应逐步扩大绿色及有机畜牧业所占比重;西部无污染地区和东南沿海地区应以绿色及有机畜牧业发展为主,而广大农区应以无公害畜牧业生产为主。     

Biological tools for the assessment of contaminated land: applied soil ecotoxicology

Abstract. Chemical analysis alone is inadequate for comprehensively assessing the impact of soil pollution on biota. The term bioavailability can only be applied in a context specific to a target biological receptor or a proven chemical surrogate. Integration of biological and chemical data can often yield significant advances in hazard assessment and act as a suitable baseline for making site-specific risk assessments. Here, the value of biological techniques is discussed and their application described. The relative merit of test selection is considered and the new direction being developed in sublethal assessments. Currently, however, one of the major limitations is the seeming lack of flexibility of many assays in that they are either applicable to agricultural systems or industrial scenarios, but rarely to both. As a consequence, few assays have internationally adopted protocols. The introduction of new methods and the continued improvement and refinement of assays make this area of soil science dynamic and responsive.     

大同市区主要蔬菜生产基地环境质量评价分级

对山西省大同市区主要蔬菜生产基地进行环境质量评价及其分级结果表明,该区主要蔬菜生产基地环境质量总体优良,完全满足目前国家所规定的无公害蔬菜或绿色食品产地环境质量的要求。     

K型小麦雄性不育系诱导单倍体胚的胚胎学观察

从胚胎学方面研究了粘果山羊草细胞质的小麦雄性不育系K83(21)35A与保持系83(21)35B杂交的双受精过程,胚和胚乳的发育特点,以及单倍体胚和孪生胚发生的规律。结果表明:双受精过程、胚和胚乳的发育与普通小麦自交相似。n型单倍体胚来自助细胞的孤雌生殖;n-n型双胚来自助细胞和卵细胞的孤雌生殖;2n-n型双胚中的单倍体胚来自助细胞,二倍体胚来自受精卵。适当延迟授粉,能提高单倍体发生的频率。     

改进模糊层次分析法确定地质灾害危险性评价指标权重的研究

鉴于地质灾害危险性评价中现有确定指标权重的方法存在的诸多不足,根据多目标决策理论和层次分析法基本原理,提出改进模糊层次分析法确定地质灾害危险性评价指标权重的应用模型,使之求得的评价指标权重更为合理。并在此基础上,以浙江省青田县地质灾害危险性评价为例,验证了该方法的可行性和优越性。     

渤海辽宁海湾地化环境与资源开发问题探讨

以１９８９－１９９０年海湾志调查的实测资料为基，研究了营城子湾、金州湾、普兰店湾、董家口湾、葫芦山湾、太平湾７个海湾的化学要素含量及分布。通过对海湾环境质量评价得出；目前已遭受磷酸盐重金属及硫化物的不同程度的污染，且诸化学要素都是在潮流水动力支配下产生迁移和扩散。最后得出营城子等诸湾地化环境现状，提出各海湾资源开发与养殖关系的几点认识。     

不同成因型母质发育土壤稀土元素的地球化学特征分析

分析了 1 7种母质发育土壤的稀土元素 (REE)的地球化学特征 ,结果表明 :(1 )基性岩浆岩母质发育土壤的稀土总丰度最高 ,红砂岩者最低 ;(2 )岩浆岩和喷出岩者的 REE科勃尔分布模式仍表现出母岩特征 ,沉积型者则相对平稳 ,但海相沉积型者变异显著 ;(3 )各类母质发育者∑ Ce/∑Y特征值达 3 .5 -4.7,∑ Ce与∑ Y分馏特征明显 ;(4 )砂页岩等 4种母质者δCe正异常 ,火山喷出岩等 3种母质者 δCe相对稳定 ,酸性岩浆岩等 1 0种母质者 δCe负异常 ;紫砂岩母质者 δEu正异常 ,页岩等 3种母质者δEu相对稳定 ,基性岩浆岩等 1 3种母质者 δEu负异常 ;(5 )逐步回归分析表明 ,∑ REE与 Ce、Sm、Dy、Lu,∑ Ce与 Pr、Sm,∑ Y与 Dy、Lu相关显著 ;(6)双重筛选逐步回归分析表明 ,∑ REE、∑ Ce与土壤 Fe2 O3相关极显著 ,∑ Y与土壤 p H值、粉砂粒、物理性粘粒相关显著 ;(7)通过 REE动态聚类分析 ,不同母质土壤可划分为基于岩性背景的三大类     

靖西天然气管道穿越段的断裂分析

靖西天然气管道在陕西省富县洛河穿越处发生了断裂。通过实地勘察,对水流泥沙条件及设计方面存在的问题进行了分析。指出管道埋设位置不利以及设计配重和设计埋深低、是造成管道断裂的主要原因。建议在管道穿越多沙河流时,一定要按高含沙水流特点进行设计埋深的研究和计算。