Compressive deformation of wood impregnated with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin II: effects of processing parameters

To obtain high-strength phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin-impregnated compressed wood at low pressing pressure, the effects of resin content, preheating temperature, pressing temperature, and pressing speed on the compressive deformation of oven-dried low molecular weight PF resin-impregnated wood was investigated. With an increase of PF resin content, the Youngs modulus of the cell wall perpendicular to the fiber direction decreases, and collapse-initiating pressure decreases linearly with the Youngs modulus. This indicates that the occurrence of cell wall collapse is strain-dependent. By increasing preheating temperatures, the collapse-initiating pressure increases due to the increment of the Youngs modulus of the cell wall. An increase in pressing temperature results in the thermal softening of the cell wall and causes collapse at a lower pressure. The wood is compressed effectively despite accelerated resin curing. The pressing speed significantly affects the viscoelastic deformation of the cell wall and the wood is well deformed with decreasing pressing speed, although the differences in density and mechanical properties are relatively small after a pressure-holding period of 30min. In all the parameters examined in this study, the Youngs modulus and bending strength increase with increasing density.     

三层实木复合地板弯曲变形原因及控制措施

阐述了三层实木复合地板的结构特点,对其产生弯曲变形的原因进行分析,并结合生产实际提出了三层实木复合地板的质量控制措施。     

高温冻土融化固结的水热力耦合模型构建

依据比奥(Biot)固结理论,应用总拉格朗日(Total Lagrangian)方法建立考虑大变形的应力场控制方程;引入应力-温度耦合损伤模型作为冻结状态下的高温冻土本构模型,以未冻水含量为耦合节点建立水热力耦合模型;通过冻结粉质黏土的升温三轴压缩试验验证模型的有效性,分析水热力耦合模型与应用小应变假设的模型的差异。结果表明:水热力耦合模型经过引入高温冻土应力-温度耦合损伤本构模型,冻结状态初始融化阶段预测结果与试验曲线较吻合。在变形加速至缓慢变形过渡阶段(1.5~2.5 h),模拟结果与试验曲线存在一定差异,但整体可有效预测高温冻结粉质黏土的融化固结过程。考虑大应变状态的水热力耦合模型,对融化变形的预测精度优于应用小应变假设的模型。根据模拟结果,分析水热力三场的相互作用关系、冻土融化固结过程,高温冻土外部升温状态下,边缘融化部分形成排水通道,加速上部土体水分排出。     

木材压缩处理技术研究的现状

概述压缩木的发展历程及国内外的研究现状,重点介绍压缩木的软化方法、压缩回弹预防方法以及压缩处理后材性变化的研究情况,分析压缩木技术的应用前景并提出建议。     

Genotypic Differences in Root Hair Deformation and Subsequent Nodulation for Red Clover under Different Additions of Starter N Fertilization

Red clover cultivars, including diploid and tetraploid, are commonly used in legume‐based pasture mixtures. However, information on nodulation under different starter N regimens is limited. We hypothesized that there is genetic variability among different red clover cultivars for nodulation. A root hair deformation assay was conducted using three diploid (AC Christie, Tapani and CRS15) and three tetraploid (Tempus, CRS18 and CRS39) red clover cultivars by inoculating them with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. Nodulation and morphological characteristics of two selected red clover cultivars, AC Christie and Tempus, were determined under five starter N concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg per plant). Inoculation with rhizobia increased root hair deformation with significant interaction across cultivars. Nodulation was delayed under high starter N concentrations, and genotypic differences were evident for days‐to‐nodule initiation. There was a positive quadratic response to starter N for AC Christie and a negative quadratic response for Tempus for nodulation. Tempus had more active nodules (92 %) than AC Christie (73 %). The genetic variability of red clover cultivars should be considered in N fixation studies and their response to availability of initial N.     

利用动态信号技术检测强化木地板榫接部位横向变形量

介绍一种用动态信号分析仪测定强化木地板榫接部位横向变形量大小的方法。该法主要通过采集电涡流传感器中前置器解调后的地板榫接部位变形时的低频信号值获得其实际变形量,并为检测其它种类地板的变形量参数提供参考。     

Finite Element Analysis on Interaction of Neighboring Highway Tunnels under Construction

Recently, the construction of neighboring highway tunnels with small interval gets more and more in China. The construction of such tunnels proceeds usually by excavating one after another. The second tunnel is constructed with the surrounding rock disturbed by the first one. And the construction of second tunnel also has effect on the first excavated one. For revealing the interaction laws of such tunnel construction in combination with the engineering practice of Lanfeng tunnel at Jinshan Road in Chongqing, The FE numerical simulation analysis was used to study the characters of surrounding rock deformation, stress field, and plastic zone of the tunnel. From this analysis, it clearly shows that the excavation of second tunnel has significant influence on the first one. This study provides a scientific basis for design and excavation of neighboring highway tunnels.     

Analysis of the Static Stability of Tailings Dam under Coupled Deformation and Seepage Fields

The static stability of a tailings dam is analyzed with a finite element approach, which takes into account the effect of plastic deformation, temperature, saturation and void ratio on the properties of soil materials, the effect of water and soil interaction and the extended Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The concept of yield approaching degree is introduced, which is defined as the ratio of the existing equivalent stress to the yield stress taking into account the effects of different influencing factors. The response of the tailing dam subjected to the coupled saturated/unsaturated seepage and deformation is simulated, considering that the dry beach is 100-meter long and the starter dam is jammed, respectively. The important indexes such as the deformation and the phreatic surface of the dam are obtained. The distribution of the yield approaching degree in the whole dam under the given condition is obtained, which can provide not only a general stability assessment of the dam, but also important information to the decision-making for the reinforcement and maintenance of the dam.     

Analysis on Foundation Pit Deformation of a Commercial Building in Hangzhou

The foundation pit deformation of a commercial building in Hangzhou is calculated by using calculation method related to foundation pit deformation. The calculation results by m method show that the maximum deformation is 29.2mm and the real maximum deformation is 174.6mm. The deformation character obtained by foundation coefficient method is different from the real deformation. There are lots of factors influencing foundation deformation. According to practical engineering condition, in this study, the influencing factors for soil parameters, bracing condition, condition for insertion of retaining wall into soil and construction speed are determined. The calculation method used is analyzed and modified. Finally, a useful and valid method for calculating foundation deformation is presented, by which the foundation pit deformation in practical project can be forecasted and analyzed.