Conservation of marker synteny during evolution

Summary An aspect of cereal science that is becoming increasingly important is comparative genetics. Establishment of the relationship between genomes within polyploids, between species within tribes and between species within families will allow not only the integration of genetic maps but also the knowledge acquired of each of the species. Using a set of homoeologous probes, workers found the relationship between the three wheat genomes to be precisely collinear, after taking a few major translocation events into account. Transfer of the wheat map to rye led to the elucidation of similar relationships between the three wheat genomes and that of rye. Genome collinearity, however, extends even beyond tribes. In a comparison of the genomes of wheat, rice and maize, it was shown that despite the separation of these genomes for possibly 50 million years, gene order was still highly conserved. This collinearity between genomes can be exploited in a number of ways.     

中国东北三省粮食生产的态势、优势、问题与对策

在分析2004年东北三省农业总体概况的基础上，通过对中国东北地区黑、吉、辽三个省1980—2004年间粮食生产态势、粮食生产的比较优势等问题的研究，找出影响东北地区粮食生产的主要问题，并提出了积极的解决对策。     

Wide mapping of a T-DNA insertion site in oilseed rape using bulk segregant analysis and comparative mapping

Doubled haploid oilseed rape lines segregating for a transgene inducing herbicide resistance (bar gene) were investigated for the wide mapping of the T-DNA insertion site. Bulk segregant analysis using presence/absence and intensity polymorphisms between the bulks, as well as comparative mapping with a linkage group deriving from another cross, led to the identification of 11 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers tightly or loosely linked to the bar gene. Ten RAPD loci out of 11 were located on the same side of the bar locus, strongly suggesting that the T-DNA integrated in a telomeric or subtelomeric position. The eleventh RAPD marker exhibited a strong segregation distortion, which could be the result of a heteroduplex formation. Comparison of the linkage groups obtained from the two crosses showed different recombination rates between markers, possibly reflecting differences in parental genetic backgrounds. Consequences and potential applications in transgene dispersal safety assessment studies are discussed.     

Introduction: That most remarkable of outside men – Harold Brookfield's intellectual legacy

Abstract: Harold Brookfield's academic career spans more than half a century, traversing small tropical and subtropical islands and mountainous uplands, focusing on people–environment relations and linking to a diversity of institutions and disciplines. His unwavering commitment to fieldwork at the local level and to comparative study is paralleled by a healthy scepticism with respect to academic trends and orthodoxy of any kind, whether intellectual or physical. It is the farmers of the developing world who are the source of much of his inspiration. His theoretical contributions are based essentially on his observations of their practices and his learning from their experiences. His academic insights into the processes of change in rural areas of Melanesia, East and South‐East Asia, Africa and South America, where small‐scale ecological studies are linked to global forces, are of lasting significance.     

化学调控和施磷对玉米/花生间作磷吸收利用和间作优势的影响

为了研究化学调控和磷肥对玉米/花生间作体系磷营养的调控效应,于2012—2013年在河南科技大学农场进行田间试验,试验设单作玉米、单作花生、玉米/花生间作和玉米/花生间作+化学调控4种种植方式,分别施磷[180 kg(P2O5)·hm–2]和不施磷共8个处理,研究了间作玉米和间作花生不同器官磷含量、磷积累分配的特点,分析了化学调控和施磷对间作体系磷间作优势的影响。结果表明:间作显著提高了玉米籽粒磷含量、茎和籽粒磷积累量,促进了磷向籽粒分配;明显降低了花生各器官磷含量、磷积累量,不利于磷向果仁分配;与单作玉米和单作花生相比,间作提高了玉米/花生间作体系磷吸收量,磷吸收间作优势为15.99~19.54 kg(P)·hm–2。在玉米小口期喷施化学调控剂提高了间作玉米籽粒磷含量,降低了茎、叶和籽粒的磷积累量,提高了磷向籽粒分配比例;提高了间作花生果仁磷含量和茎、叶和果仁磷积累量,促进了磷向果仁分配。化学调控间作玉米施磷肥显著增加了间作玉米和花生各器官的磷含量以及磷积累量,提高了磷向玉米籽粒和花生果仁分配比例,促进了间作体系对磷的吸收;磷吸收间作优势为19.50~22.00 kg(P)·hm–2,比不施磷提高16.51%~57.51%,达到显著差异水平。这表明玉米/花生间作具有明显磷间作优势,化学调控间作玉米再施磷有利于间作体系磷吸收量增加,显著提高磷间作优势。因此,生产上可以采用化学调控同时施磷肥来进一步提高磷间作优势。     

竹集成材家具产业的优势与发展可行性分析

从资源、材料性能、设计、环境等方面入手,对竹集成材家具进行全面分析,认为该类产品具有整体优势。介绍了国内外竹集成材产业的发展现状,指出大力发展竹集成材家具可获得良好的经济效益与社会效益。     

树木注射施药装置的比较研究

对国内外数十种树木注射施药装置的技术特点进行了详细对比研究,分析了各种装置的优点和不足之处,探讨了研究发展的方向。     

A comparative study of mangrove ? oras in China and India

Species compositions in the mangrove habitats of China and India, especially on Hainan Island (China) and on the Sundarbans and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands (India), are of interest, showing several similarities and differences. The total mangrove areas of India cover about 6419 km 2 with 43 species (23 major and 20 minor species), while the mangrove areas of China cover about 150 km 2 with 26 speices (19 major and 7 minor speices). We carried out a comparison of mangrove floras in the Indian Sundarbans, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and in Hainan Island. The mangrove areas of the Indian Sundarbans comprise about 66.5% of the total Indian mangroves, presently covering an area of 4267 km 2 with 35 species from 22 genera and 16 families. There are 34 species from 17 genera and 13 families in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Hainan Island is considered a distribution center of mangroves; it has the largest number of mangrove species in China, i.e., 25 species from 15 genera and 12 families, accounting for about 96% of the total number of mangrove species in China. The mangroves of Hainan Island and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands belong to island types, while those of Sundarbans belong to inter-tidal deltaic types. Differences in soil type, rainfall, temperature, tidal fluctuation and other climatic features possibly cause variations in floristic composition of these regions.     

DQSY型模拟降雨装置研制通报

 在分析、借鉴国内外研制经验的基础上,研制单喷头曲面设计、双层喷射变雨强弹簧调节的野外模拟降雨喷头,实现了以单喷头替代多喷头组合式模拟降雨装置,并达到同样模拟降雨效果。由于喷头采用曲面设计,确保喷射水舌有规律地变化;模拟雨滴动能接近于天然降雨动能;模拟降雨过程均匀;喷射面积稳定。实测证明:雨滴中数直径为0.574.26mm,降雨均匀系数≥0.8（±0.05）,降雨面积为150 m2,模拟降雨强度为30～240 mm/h。     

基于核心力量导向差异的贵州乡村旅游开发模式比较与剖析——以贵州天龙屯堡、郎德苗寨和西江苗寨为例

贵州是中国较早开展乡村旅游的区域之一。在众多乡村旅游地中,贵州天龙屯堡、郎德苗寨、西江苗寨因核心力量导向差异而形成3种不同的乡村旅游开发模式,即公司主导型、社区主导型和政府主导型模式。作为贵州乡村旅游开发的典型代表,3种模式各具特色,值得关注。通过对3种不同乡村旅游开发模式下的市场开拓能力、社区居民获益方式与状况、传统文化保护与传承及其乡村旅游开发模式的形成原因进行横向比较分析,为国内乡村旅游开发提供经验借鉴和理论指导,推动乡村旅游研究的深入。