武汉地区美洲斑潜蝇发生规律初探

美洲斑潜蝇在武汉地区寄主范围大,分布广,可周年危害;水平分布具边际效应,垂直分布主要集中在中下部叶片为害;温度与寄主植物是影响其发生的主要因素。     

RAPD及其在果树上的应用

就RAPD的特点、操作及其在果树品种鉴定、遗传多样性检测、系谱解析和遗传图谱构建等方面的应用和进展进行了简要的阐述。     

南方菜豆花叶病毒(SBMV)两典型株系特异cDNA和RNA探针的制备及应用

南方菜豆花叶病毒（ＳＢＭＶ）主要有２株系：菜豆株系（ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ）和豇豆株系（ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ）,血清学方法不能予以区分。根据已报道的核酸序列设计了２对特异引物,进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增并克隆到载体Ｂｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ中,序列测定予以证实后利用随机引物法合成放射性ｃＤＮＡ探针,再进行体外转译合成地高辛ＵＴＰ标记的ＲＮＡ探针。２种探针均可分别特异地检测Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ膜上的ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ和ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ。ＲＮＡ探针检测ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ和ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ灵敏度分别为：０．１μｇ和０．０１μｇ。     

抗病毒剂对烟草花叶病毒与烟草叶绿体互作的影响

通过测试被烟草花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）侵染的烟叶片叶绿素含量与荧光光谱特征的变化,发现叶绿素含量随ＴＭＶ侵染时间的延长而降低,Ｆ６８５／Ｆ７４０比值随ＴＭＶ侵染时间的延长而增加。用叶绿素含量、荧光光谱特征可作为筛选抗植物病毒剂的指标。实验结果表明：８种植物抽提物中,紫草、月季抽提物抑制ＴＭＶ与叶绿体的结合活性高。     

黄胸蓟马对香蕉的危害及其防治

１９９６～１９９７年在香蕉花期调查结果表明,黄胸蓟马在广州地区香蕉园中普遍存在,香蕉花感虫率达１００％,平均每花苞感虫８２．８头。感虫数与花苞着生高度有关,以高度１２０～１４０ｃｍ的花苞感虫数最高,以后随高度的增加剧减。黄胸蓟马只危害稍开和已开的第１至第４苞片内花段,且虫口数由外向里递减。园中杂草有助于蓟马对香蕉花的危害,平均每花苞虫口数多杂草蕉园比管理精细的无杂草园多３．６倍。室内药效试验结果表明,毒死蜱、乐果、丁基克百威和灭多威对黄胸蓟马有很好的毒杀效果,氯氰菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯效果不理想。     

影响麦二叉蚜传播玉米矮花叶病毒效率的因素分析

玉米矮花叶病毒（ＭＤＭＶ）在田间主要依靠介质蚜虫非持久性方式传播,通过麦二叉蚜（Ｓｃｈｉｚａｐｈｉｓｇｒａｍｉｎｕｍ）对ＭＤＭＶ传毒效率影响因素的分析,发现接毒蚜获毒前禁食与否及禁食时间的长短与传毒效率呈高度正相关,从蚜量与传毒效率的关系来看,多头蚜虫的传毒效率均比单头蚜高,随着ＭＤＭＶ浓度和传毒蚜量的增加,传毒效率也随之提高,单蚜获毒１０ｍｉｎ后不禁食其传毒效率最高,随着禁食时间的延长,其传毒效     

Chromosomal Location of Genes for Resistance to Puccinia striiformis in the Wheat Line TP1295 Selected from the Cross of Soissonais-Desprez with Lemhi

Crosses of a wheat line TP1295 with the cultivar Chinese Spring monosomic series were used to locate, on chromosome 1D, a major gene for resistance to isolate WYR 85-22 of race 6E0 of Puccinia striiformis. The gene is designated as Yr25 and is probably present in several of the cultivars currently widely used for differentiating races of this pathogen. The expression of the gene was modified by the environment and by at least one minor gene which may be located on chromosome 6A. In F2 and F3 generations from a cross between TP1295 and euploid Chinese Spring, a wide range of variation in infection type (IT) was observed. This precluded the classification of the plants as either resistant or susceptible, so they were assigned to 6 classes and analyzed by factorial correspondence analysis and non-hierarchical classification. When all F3 plants in a family were fully resistant, like TP1295 itself (IT ;), both Yr25 and the modifying gene were assumed to be present and homozygous. In environments favourable to expression of the gene, families thought to carry Yr25 alone had a distribution of ITs from fully resistant (IT ;) to intermediate (IT 2, rarely 3 or 3+). This F3 analysis indicated that use of IT data alone, in the monosomic analysis, would not reveal the chromosomal location of the genes and that chromosome counting of numerous plants was necessary. As well as indicating the chromosomes carrying the genes for resistance to isolate WYR 85-22, the data showed that plants monosomic for chromosomes 5B and 5D were more resistant than the corresponding disomics, indicating that these chromosomes promote susceptibility and supporting other evidence of the effects of these chromosomes on yellow rust resistance.     

苏云金杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白作用机制的研究进展

自本世纪６０年代以来,由于化学农药引起的环境污染、害虫普遍产生抗药性等原因,生物防治越来越受到人们的重视。在现有的各种生物防治策略中,研究和利用微生物杀虫剂发展很快,最突出的方法是利用苏云金杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｂｔ）进行防...     

罗布泊南部野双峰驼的分布与环境

在１９９５－１９９６年两年调查的基础上,我们又利用家驼队深入荒漠腹地,考察了罗布泊南部野双峰驼的分布和栖息环境,结果表明在罗布泊南部的湖岸区,阿尔金山北麓及山前丘陵地带均有野驼分布,库姆塔沙漠中部无野驼进入,但其西侧戈壁及丘间谷地为野驼南北迁徒的通道,冬季野驼主要集中活动在科什兰孜等罗布泊南岸及阿奇克谷地;夏季主要在山区北麓活动,所以应将该区域与上述分布区同归于一个分布区整体,即南北配置的景观复合     

美洲斑潜蝇自然种群生命表及飞行能力的研究

美洲斑潜蝇ＬｉｒｉｏｍｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａｅＢｒａｎｃｈ．田间自然种群中,幼虫期的死亡率最高,１、２、３龄幼虫平均死亡率分别为４８．１４％、５０．８６％、７８．９７％,幼虫期被寄生蜂寄生的概率随龄期的增大而增高,从１龄的１．４４％上升到３龄的６０．８８％。应用微型昆虫飞行磨（Ｆｌｉｓｈｔｍｉｌｌ）计算机联机装置对不同日龄成虫的飞行能力进行了测试,结果表明：雌虫飞行能力随日龄的增大而增强,３日龄最大连续飞行的时间为８．８３分钟,距离为２７２．９３ｍ。雄虫以２日龄成虫飞行能力最强,最长的一次连续飞行时间可达２５．００分钟,距离为８８２．８８ｍ。