沙棘根系固土力学特性对其平茬复壮的响应

为考察平茬措施对根系力学特性的影响，以内蒙古干旱半干旱地区水土保持先锋灌木沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）根系为研究对象，使用TY-8000拉力机，进行单根极限拉伸试验和根土界面拉拔摩阻试验，并分析平茬对沙棘根系固土力学特性的影响。试验结果显示，在测试根径为0~5 mm时，平茬和未平茬条件下，沙棘单根极限抗拉力、抗阻拉力均与直径呈幂函数正相关；单根极限抗拉强度、根-土界面拉拔抗剪强度均与直径呈幂函数负相关。在代表根径级0.5~1.5 mm，沙棘平茬较未平茬平均单根极限抗拉力值提高31%；平均单根极限抗拉强度提高37%；平均拉拔抗剪强度提高30%。研究结果表明，直径对沙棘根系抗拉强度和抗剪强度均有影响，且沙棘经平茬处理后，抗拉特性和抗剪特性均有所提高。     

Gait Experiment on the Level Walking During Activities of Daily Living

The gait study is one of the focus researches of biomechanics of the human movement and recovery medicine. This paper concerning the gait experiment on the level walking during activities of daily living is presented.Tests that have been carrying out include straight line walking, circular arc walking and right angle turn whilst walking.Subjects are required to undertake these tests at their own natural walking pace and stride length and at three different walking speed carrying 10 kg load in his right hand or carrying no load, In addintion, the experimental facilities and method are also discussed.     

The effect of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy position on cranial tibial subluxation: an in vitro study

OBJECTIVES: To compare centered versus distal tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) position on cranial tibial subluxation, postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA), and tibial long axis shift (TLAS). STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical evaluation. ANIMALS: Six pairs of canine cadaveric hind limbs. METHODS: One limb of each pair was randomly assigned to the distal (TPLO-D) or centered (TPLO-C) osteotomy group. Cranial tibial subluxation (CTS) under load was quantified sequentially under 3 conditions: intact, after cranial cruciate ligament transection, and after TPLO; a corrected CTS value was also calculated. Postoperative TPA and TLAS were measured. Comparisons were made using 1-way repeated measures ANOVA with a Tukey's multiple comparison post hoc test for CTS, and a Wilcoxon's sign rank test for TPA and TLAS. Significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS: TPLO-C had a significantly lower mean CTS than TPLO-D (P<.01). Corrected CTS was also significantly lower in TPLO-C than in TPLO-D (P<.001). Postoperative TPA and TLAS were less in TPLO-C than in TPLO-D (P=.0312). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that distal centering of the TPLO leads to craniodistal translation of the tibial plateau, TLAS, and a postoperative TPA that is greater than expected. This geometric effect has the biomechanical effect expected of inadequate tibial plateau leveling, namely incomplete neutralization of cranial tibial thrust. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The centered osteotomy position is geometrically more precise, and biomechanically more effective than the distal position.     

作物生长力学的研究进展

介绍了植物力学领域的研究成果和进展,讨论了力学理论和方法在农业生产中的应用,分析了农作物材料的力学特性、作物生长环境及其影响、作物体液流动机理及应用等若干力学问题,提出了作物生长力学的研究重点和主要方向。     

鸡蛋壳生物力学特性分析及试验研究

本文应用弹性薄壳力学理论，推导了鸡蛋的曲率半径表达式及鸡蛋在一定均布载荷下的应力公式，并经试验验证了其结果的正确性。结果表明：鸡蛋在长径方向的抗压载荷比短径方向大；中间部位受压破裂时，沿纬线方向产生的应力比经线方向大；鸡蛋在短轴方向受压破损时，裂纹多沿长轴方向产生，约占总数的52.5%，理论分析与试验结果一致。该力学特性研究可为鸡蛋的包装、运输及相关装备的制作提供一定的理论指导。     

薇菜类蔬菜生物力学性质试验研究

通过研究野生富硒植物薇菜的粘弹性力学性质等为食品物性学研究提供生物力学参数。选用吉林省汪清县山区野生薇菜为研究对象，对野生薇菜茎进行拉伸、压缩、弯曲、冲击、应力松驰、蠕变试验。得出了薇菜拉伸最大载荷、应力、应变、弹性模量、弯曲弯矩、弯曲应力，得出了薇菜冲击功、冲击韧性；还得出了薇菜茎应力松驰、蠕变试验数据和曲线，用三参数模型对应力松驰，蠕变数据进行拟合，得出了应力松驰方程，蠕变方程，得出了薇菜应力、应变随时间的变化规律。薇菜具有良好的生物力学性能，属于粘弹性材料。     

防风固沙灌木花棒沙柳根系生物力学特性

为了揭示花棒和沙柳的根系生物力学特性,该文选取毛乌苏沙地5 a生人工种植花棒、沙柳的根系为研究对象,通过室内单根拉伸试验,得到沙柳(直径0.78~7.44 mm)的平均最大拉力、抗拉强度和杨氏模量分别比花棒(直径0.91~6.46 mm)高42.07%、44.52%和90.00%。花棒、沙柳单根根系的最大拉力随直径增大以幂函数增大,抗拉强度和杨氏模量随直径增大以幂函数减小。花棒与沙柳单根根系的平均抗拉强度能达到Ⅰ级钢筋(370MPa)的6.86%和9.91%,对土壤有一定的加筋作用。采用自制根系拉力测试系统进行野外原位整株根系垂直拉拔试验,得到花棒(地径17.65~42.68 mm)和沙柳(地径20.35~48.07 mm)的整株根系最大垂直拉拔力为(1.71±0.16)k N和(1.18±0.16)k N,花棒比沙柳高出44.92%。花棒整株根系的生物力学特性要优于沙柳,整体固沙能力更强。该研究可为根系固土作用理论研究和防风固沙树种的筛选提供参考。     

床垫支撑力对侧卧姿势下肩关节生物力学的影响

对人体侧卧姿势下肩关节进行生物力学分析,建立了肩关节中盂肱关节、三角肌和冈上肌肌力的计算公式,探究了床垫支撑作用力对肩关节中盂肱关节力、三角肌和冈上肌肌力的影响。结果发现,随着床垫对肩部支撑力的增大至120 N时,盂肱关节力和三角肌肌力逐渐增大;当床垫对肩部支撑力大于120 N时,盂肱关节力和三角肌肌力逐渐减小。冈上肌肌力则随着床垫对肩部支撑力增大,呈现先减小后增大的趋势,在床垫支撑力在85 N左右时为该趋势的转折点。随着床垫对上肢支撑力的增大,盂肱关节力和三角肌肌力逐渐增大;冈上肌肌力则呈现先减小,后增大再减小的趋势,从生物力学角度阐明了人体在睡眠过程中需要进行睡姿调整的内在原因。