人口老龄化对中国劳动力供给的影响分析

通过对中国人口统计的一些数据分析,研究了人口老龄化对中国劳动力供给的影响.研究结果表明,老龄化造成劳动力供给数量减少,同时老龄化影响中国劳动力供给质量.可采取应对措施:一是提高科技水平和人口素质,二是充分开发和利用老年人力资本.     

安徽省域耕地等别变化调查与质量建设对策

该文总结了安徽省域耕地等别分布现状、与上轮成果对比分析,分析了规律与原因,进而提出了定期更新耕地质量分等成果、完善耕地质量监管机制等方面的耕地质量建设对策,以期未来的耕地质量建设与管理更利于"双保"战略的落实。     

GIS内外业一体化数据双向同步技术研究

对空间数据内外业一体化作业过程中数据双向同步技术进行研究。阐述GIS数据双向同步的原理、数据还原原理,提出了基于最优差异化机制的双向数据同步模型,并给出此模型基础上的技术实现案例。实践表明,此方案能很好地解决GIS内外业一体化的数据同步需求。     

我国茶园机械化作业模式研究

为从宏观层面探索我国茶园机械化发展道路,使我国茶园机械化早日走出步履维艰的发展困境,深入分析了我国茶园机械当前的应用推广情况,存在的问题以及最近研究进展。通过对我国茶园机械化发展现状的深层次分析,发现除技术原因外,茶园分布广而散,地理地形复杂,是阻碍我国茶园机械化发展的重要因素。基于此,提出"分形而治"的机械化作业模式与理论,从根源上肃清我国茶园机械化盲目发展的局面,促使其从此迈入健康的发展道路,对加快我国茶园机械化发展意义非凡。     

小城镇体育文化研究

采用历史研究法、文献资料法和个案研究法对我国小城镇体育文化的发展历程进行了分析和总结。我国小城镇体育文化经过几十年的发展，形成了自己的发展特色, 具有了鲜明的地域特色和民族特色； 从自发性走向群体性、有组织性；小城镇体育文化的需求不断增加，品味不断提高。但是存在资金匮乏、缺少专业的社会体育辅导员和居民体育锻炼意识低下的问题。建议：用市场手段缓解资金问题、实现社会体育辅导员本土化、提高小城镇居民参与体育锻炼的热情。最后对我国小城镇体育文化的发展趋势进行了预测，以期对当前问题的解决有所启示。     

热处理对马尾松蓝变材颜色的影响

热处理选取了5个温度(170、185、200、215、230℃)和4个时间(2、4、6、8 h)。在热处理前后分别测量蓝变点与未蓝变点的颜色,分析了蓝变材颜色的均匀性,对比了蓝变点与未蓝变点的颜色差异和变化规律。实验结果表明:热处理后,蓝变材颜色参数的标准差逐渐降低,蓝变点与未蓝变点明度差、黄蓝色品指数差减小,其色差可以从17.57降低到小于1。均值比较结果显示,经过200℃以下的热处理,蓝变点与未蓝变点间的颜色参数仍然具有显著性差异。为了使蓝变色斑达到肉眼不容易识别的程度,最低的热处理条件为200℃下处理6 h。     

乌兰察布及周边地区马铃薯脱毒种薯应用现状调查与分析

2011~2014年对乌兰察布周边地区马铃薯脱毒种薯利用情况进行了科学合理的调查,认为该地区不同类型马铃薯种植机构马铃薯脱毒种薯利用率和种植的种薯级别逐年提高。不同马铃薯种植机构逐渐形成符合该种植机构类型应用的马铃薯脱毒种薯级别,形成了马铃薯脱毒种薯应用的梯次,为今后马铃薯脱毒种薯生产和合理应用奠定了基础。     

现代女性视角的人文关注——论中国现代女作家对西方人文精神的审视和接受

中国现代文学是在全面、广泛接受外来影响的背景下产生和发展起来的,无疑,中国现代女作家的创作也受到了外来的冲击。但相比现代男作家,女作家对外来文学的审视有着自己独特的视角。她们关注并接受了西方女性人文主义,对女性自身的命运充满了关切和同情,明显带有女性意识。这些特点鲜明地体现在中国现代女作家的创作中,并影响到当代女作家的创作。     

Nitrogen use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as influenced by wheat–cotton cropping systems

Wheat–cotton rotations largely increase crop yield and improve resources use efficiency, such as the radiation use efficiency. However, little information is available on the nitrogen (N) utilization and requirement of cotton under wheat–cotton rotations. This study was to determine the N uptake and use efficiency by evaluating the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) N use and the soil N balances, which will help to improve N resource management in wheat–cotton rotations. Field experiments were conducted during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 growing seasons in the Yangtze River region in China. Two cotton cultivars (Siza 3, mid-late maturity with 130 days growth duration; CCRI 50, early maturity with 110 days growth duration) were planted under four cropping systems including monoculture cotton (MC), wheat/intercropped cotton (W/IC), wheat/transplanted cotton (W/TC) and wheat/direct-seeded cotton (W/DC). The N uptake and use efficiency of cotton were quantified under different cropping systems. The results showed that wheat–cotton rotations decreased the cotton N uptake through reducing the N accumulation rate and shortening the duration of fast N accumulation phase as compared to the monoculture cotton. Compared with MC, the N uptake of IC, TC and DC were decreased by 12.0%, 20.5% and 23.4% for Siza 3, respectively, and 7.3%, 10.7% and 17.6% for CCRI 50, respectively. Wheat–cotton rotations had a lower N harvest index as a consequence of the weaker sink capacity in the cotton plant caused by the delayed fruiting and boll formation. Wheat–cotton rotations used N inefficiently relative to the monoculture cotton, showing consistently lower level of the N agronomic use efficiency (NAE), N apparent recovery efficiency (NRE), N physiological efficiency (NPE) and N partial factor productivity (NPFP), particularly for DC. Relative to the mid–late maturity cultivar of Siza 3, the early maturity cultivar of CCRI 50 had higher N use efficiency in wheat–cotton rotations. An analysis of the crop N balance suggested that the high N excess in preceding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in wheat–cotton rotations led to significantly higher N surpluses than the monoculture cotton. The N management for the cotton in wheat–cotton rotations should be improved by means of reducing the base fertilizer input and increasing the bloom application.     

Achieving legislation requirements with different nitrogen fertilization strategies: Results from a long term experiment

The Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC, Anonymous, 1991) was developed in Europe to limit environmental threats from intensive livestock farming and N fertilizer applications to crops. It imposed several rules on farmers and public bodies, one of which was nutrient fertilization plan adoption. Here we use results from the Tetto Frati (Northern Italy) Long-Term Experiment to verify the terms and coefficients in the official Italian guidelines and evaluate the limitations imposed to organic fertilization amounts. For this purpose, we mined long-term experimental data of crop yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and soil organic matter content from miscellanea cropping systems fertilized with farmyard manure (FYM) and bovine slurry (SLU), typical of a dairy farm in Northern Italy. N fertilization efficiency indicators (Removal to Fertilizer ratio, Apparent Recovery and Nitrogen Fertilizer Replacement Value) indicated that in the long run, FYM behaved similarly to urea, and better than SLU. Even N supply rates as high as 250 kg N ha⁻¹ were justified by high rates of crop removal. In fact, among the terms of the mass-balance equation, SOM mineralization was found to be most relevant, followed by meadow rotation residual effects. We conclude that a revised Nitrates Directives application scheme could be more relaxed in its application limit of manure-N, but should be more ambitious in setting efficiency coefficients for manure fertilization.