冷驯化和冷冻条件下不同抗寒性冬小麦品种三个COR基因表达差异的实时荧光定量分析

COR基因是含有CRT/DRE调控元件的一类冷响应基因,在植物抗寒耐寒过程中发挥着重要作用.为了分析不同抗寒性的冬小麦品种中COR基因表达的差异,明确在抗寒中起关键作用的COR基因,本实验以抗寒品种东农冬麦1号和不抗寒品种济麦22为材料,设定一系列低温处理,用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析低温下Wrab17、Wcor80和Wcs120三个基因的表达差异.结果表明,在所有冷处理中,这三个基因在抗寒品种东农冬麦1号的相对表达量均比不抗寒品种济麦22高,上调表达时间更长,响应时间更短.处理组和对照组中也出现较大差异,在某些处理组中的相对表达量明显更高.其中冷驯化处理8～12 h和冷冻处理4h时Wrab17在东农冬麦1号中分别上调表达11.2、14.7和26倍,同时期同处理的济麦22中此数值分别为2.7、6.2和4.3倍;冷冻处理6h时Wcor80在东农冬麦1号中上调表达6.5倍,在济麦22中则出现小幅下调;冷驯化处理1h后Wcs120在东农冬麦1号中上调8.7倍,在济麦22中未发现上调表达.     

Acclimation Induced Responses of SDH Activity of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Following Introduction in a New Pond Habitat

Responses of the major mitochondrial respiratory enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in gill and muscle tissue of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were investigated upon their transfer to a new pond habitat. Sixty healthy adult fish were procured from each of the three ponds used and were distributed in three cages in equal numbers; the cages were placed in each of the other two ponds as well as into original rearing pond. Four fish were removed from each cage every week and were sacrificed for the assay of SDH activity in gills and muscles. Transfer of fish from a stress condition to a benign environment and vice versa resulted in an increase and decrease in SDH activity of fish, respectively. The intensity of increase upon transfer was again dependent upon the amount of stress in the new habitat. In general, the SDH activity of the test fish strongly correlated with the ammonia concentration (P?<?0.05) of water regardless of habitats. Time required for the introduced fish to acclimatize with new environmental conditions was dependent upon the environmental milieu of both its initial and final place of rearing and hence their physiological states. Differences in water quality, especially ammonia concentration, between its original place of rearing and the place of transfer were found to be responsible for the differences in acclimation period of two or three weeks. Relatively less difference in ammonia (2.68 for gills and 3.20 for muscles) between the initial place of rearing and new habitat resulted in acclimation of the fish one week earlier (second week) than the relatively wide difference (4.46 for gills and 5.62 for muscles) for third week. It may be reasonable to conclude that the varied responses of the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme of exogenously introduced fishes with the differences in the water quality—especially the ammonia concentration of ambient water between the original fish holding pond and growout pond—can be used to predict the time that will be required for the exogenously introduced fish to fully acclimatize with the new habitat.     

塔里木河流域叶尔羌高原鳅热耐受性的初步研究

为了研究不同温度对叶尔羌高原鳅热耐受性特征的影响,在水温分别为10、20、30℃的条件下,对叶尔羌高原鳅进行2～4周的驯化,以1℃/h的变温速率连续观测试验鱼的耐受温度.结果表明:各驯化温度下的最高临界温度(CTmax)、最高致死温度(LTmax)分别为35.0、36.0、36.5℃和37.4、38.0、38.5℃,最低临界温度(CTmin)和最低致死温度(LTmin)分别为;6.7、7.0,7.5℃和0.3、0.5、1.0℃.随着驯化温度的提高,致死温度的上限和下限也提高,即耐高温的能力增强,耐低温的能力减弱.经计算,叶尔羌高原鳅在各驯化温度下的温度耐受幅分别为28.3、29.0、29.0℃;在10℃～20℃的驯化温度范围内高、低温驯化反应率分别为0.10和0.05,而在20℃～30℃驯化温度范围内高、低温驯化反应率分别为0.03和0.05;热耐受区域面积为576.5℃;表明叶尔羌高原鳅的热耐受性明显有赖于驯化温度.     

CBF转录因子在提高植物抗逆性中的作用

CBF转录因子在植物胁迫应答途径中发挥十分重要的作用,对CBF转录因子的结构特点、表达调控及其在提高植物抗寒性、抗旱性及抗盐性中的作用的研究进展进行了综述。     

声音对不同体长鲤的诱集效果

用400Hz正弦波连续音对不同体长鲤Cyprinus carpio进行音响驯化,探讨声音对不同体长鲤的诱集效果。结果表明：体长30—40cm和20—30cm的鲤,驯化第8d聚集率达到100％;体长10～20cm的鲤,驯化第6d聚集率达到100％;体长5～10cm的鲤,驯化第5d聚集率达到100％。平均聚集时间,体长30～40cm的鲤为50．01S,20～30cm的鲤为49．37S,10～20cm的鲤为48．77S,5～10cm的鲤为47．25s。400Hz正弦波连续音对不同体长鲤均具有明显的诱集效果,但对体长较小的鲤的聚集效果相对好于体长大的鲤。     

不同低温驯化条件对玉米螟赤眼蜂低温贮藏的影响

低温驯化是昆虫应对外界环境低温的重要生存策略,驯化温度、驯化时间和冷藏时间是低温驯化方法中的关键因子。本文采用正交试验方差分析法检验了不同驯化温度、驯化时间和冷藏时间对用米蛾卵培养的玉米螟赤眼蜂4℃冷藏后的影响,结果显示,驯化温度和驯化时间交互作用对玉米螟赤眼蜂冷藏后的出蜂情况影响显著,当15℃驯化10 d后冷藏,出蜂卵数达到峰值为66.75±3.50,其出蜂率为(64.91±2.04)%;当10℃驯化20 d后冷藏,出蜂卵数为56.75±4.84,出蜂率达到峰值为(75.50±6.78)%。冷藏时间对玉米螟赤眼蜂低温驯化后的出蜂情况影响显著,其出蜂卵数和出蜂率均在冷藏60 d和90 d达到最大,出蜂卵数分别为53.61±3.64、55.39±3.51,出蜂率分别为(66.07±4.17)%、(68.30±4.08)%。研究表明,驯化温度、驯化时间和冷藏时间对低温驯化效果均有一定影响,低温驯化能增强玉米螟赤眼蜂的耐寒性,适于其长期冷藏,本试验中的最佳低温驯化条件为15℃驯化10 d。该研究结果对玉米螟赤眼蜂的低温耐受性研究及低温贮藏技术探讨均具有重要的理论指导意义。     

耐镉、铬丝状真菌菌株的筛选与鉴定

采用梯度浓度驯化方法,从重金属镉、铬污染的稻田土壤中分离、筛选出8株耐铬、镉真菌菌株。5株耐镉浓度为16mmol/L的菌株,4株耐铬浓度为1000mg/L的菌株,其中X29菌株耐镉浓度为16mmol/L,耐铬浓度为1000mg/L。经形态观察、18S rDNA扩增和序列分析,确定了这8株菌株的种属地位分别为：绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae),拟茎点霉(Phomopsis sp.),曲霉（Aspergillus sp.）,木霉（Trichoderma sp.）,尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）,酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）,青霉（Penicillium sp.）;其中Strain35和Strain55都为青霉,其余6株分别属于不同菌株。本研究不仅为镉、铬污染环境的微生物修复提供了重要菌株,同时也暗示了微生物在重金属降解和修复中有着良好的应用潜力。     

低温驯化下4种不同品系罗非鱼血清皮质醇与免疫相关指标的变化

选取4种不同品系罗非鱼, 分别为吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)、奥尼罗非鱼(O. niloticus×O. aureus)、红罗非鱼(O. nilotica♂× O. mossambica♀)和奥利亚罗非鱼(O. aureaus)。在26℃水温下饲养3周后, 选取规格基本一致的罗非鱼(体质量50.73 g±4.23 g)进行低温驯化实验。水温以3℃/d的速度从26℃降至8℃, 分别于水温为26℃、20℃、14℃和8℃时进行采样, 比较不同驯化阶段4种不同品系罗非鱼血清皮质醇和免疫相关指标的变化规律。结果表明, 与26℃时的免疫指标相比, 水温降至8℃时, 吉富与红罗非鱼血清皮质醇水平显著升高; 然而血清C3、C4、IgM以及头肾C型溶菌酶mRNA水平显著下降(P<0.05), 血清中高皮质醇水平对鱼体的免疫产生了抑制作用。水温为8℃时, 奥尼罗非鱼血清皮质醇、IgM和补体C3以及头肾抗菌肽mRNA水平显著升高; 奥利亚血清皮质醇、C4和IgM以及头肾C型溶菌酶mRNA水平与26℃时相比无显著差异, 然而血清溶菌酶与C3水平降低。驯化实验结束后, 比较了4种不同品系罗非鱼在8℃水温下48 h内的累积死亡率。吉富与红罗非鱼组累积死亡率较高, 分别达到43.3%和40.0%; 奥尼罗非鱼其次, 为23.3%; 奥利亚罗非鱼最低, 为20.0%。较高的血清IgM和头肾溶菌酶和抗菌肽mRNA水平可能有助于提高奥尼和奥利亚罗非鱼的抗低温应激能力, 增加低温时的成活率。本研究通过分析4种品系罗非鱼不同驯化阶段血清皮质醇和免疫相关指标, 探讨不同品系罗非鱼在低温驯化过程中的免疫保护机制, 旨在为下一步抗低温新品系罗非鱼的选育提供理论依据。

     

Changes in abscisic acid, salicylic acid and phenylpropanoid concentrations during cold acclimation of androgenic forms of Festulolium (Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum) in relation to resistance to pink snow mould (Microdochium nivale)

We investigated changes in concentrations of abscisic (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), phenolic compounds and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in relation to cold-induced tolerance of four androgenic genotypes of Festulolium ( Festuca  ×  Lolium hybrids ) to frost and to the snow mould fungus Microdochium nivale . Cold acclimation increased frost tolerance and resistance to snow mould. Resistant genotypes were characterized by higher ABA concentrations during the first 54 h of cold acclimation and lower concentrations of SA than susceptible genotypes. After cold acclimation, the content of phenolics was significantly lower in genotypes tolerant to frost and M. nivale infection than in susceptible genotypes, while PAL activity was significantly higher. Signalling networks controlling cold acclimation to frost (abiotic) and mould infection (biotic) appears to involve increases in foliar concentrations of ABA and decreases in the SA level during successful cold acclimation. Higher PAL activity and lower concentrations of phenolic compounds also appear to be associated with enhanced tolerance to frost and fungal attack.