收获期对不同栽培措施玉米产量及粒重的影响

试验选用6个不同类型玉米品种,在2种密度、2种施氮水平和2种灌水处理下进行大田试验,对不同收获期的百粒重和产量进行分析。结果表明,不同栽培措施下不同玉米品种百粒重和产量随收获时期的变化而不同,低密、高氮和正常灌水条件下,各品种间的变化差异较小;高密、低氮和干旱下,各品种间的变化差异较大。不同栽培措施下,收获期与百粒重和产量呈线性相关关系,可用y=ax+b来表示,从9月17日至10月8日,收获期每推迟1 d,百粒重增加0.605 5～0.845 3 g,产量增加174.71～232.33 kg/hm2。综合品种和栽培措施因素,陕西关中夏玉米从9月17日开始,收获期每推迟1 d,百粒重增加0.444 4 g,产量增加205.78 kg/hm2。     

不同玉米品种在攀西地区的适应性研究

实验通过登海605、正红311、成单30等15个不同玉米品种在盐源的栽培,在生育时期方面,川单418、凉单4号、登海605较早熟。性状和产量对比上,神珠7号、登海605、川单418、先玉508均在15 000 kg/hm2以上,适应性好,可以在攀西地区进一步实验示范推广;对于产量达13 500 kg/hm2以上的品种成单30、正红311、临奥9号、民玉米1号可以进一步实验。除中单9409和京单28两品种外,其余所有品种产量均超过对照凉单4号。     

施肥对油菜主要生长期CH4排放的影响

以巢湖油菜田优化施肥(YH)、秸秆施肥(JG)、习惯性施肥（CG）和不施肥（CK）4种施肥类型为研究对象,利用静态箱--气相色谱法测定了油菜生长期间的CH4的排放通量,同时对土温、土壤含水量和空气湿度进行测定,得出油菜田温室气体CH4的排放通量有明显的时间变化特征。与CK相比,YH、CG、JG 3种施肥类型下CH4的排放分别增加了21.50%、27.33%、29.87%。通过对数据进行相关性分析,实验期间CH4的排放通量从整体上与10 cm以下温度正相关、YH处理的土壤含水率与CH4通量在0.05水平显著正相关。     

虎灰蝶幼期及分类地位

虎灰蝶属是基于虎灰蝶Yamamotozephyrus kwangtungensis而建立的单种属,报道了产自广东南岭的虎灰蝶幼期.该蝶寄主植物为壳斗科白锥Castanopsis sp.,年发生1个世代,成虫出现于5-6月.     

长期不同施肥处理对麦季土壤酶活性的影响

为了明确长期不同施肥方式下麦季土壤酶对肥力水平的响应机制,基于中科院常熟农业生态实验站的长期定位试验,研究了不同施肥处理（无肥、化肥、化肥+中量猪粪、化肥+高量猪粪）对小麦拔节期和收获期土壤脲酶、转化酶、酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,施肥能有效提高土壤脲酶、转化酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,降低多酚氧化酶活性,化肥+中量猪粪处理效果最佳,与无肥对照区的差异达到显著水平。相关分析表明,土壤酶活性与小麦产量的相关性优于土壤养分,不同施肥处理小麦拔节期和收获期各种土壤酶活性变化趋势一致。     

PhenologyMMS: A program to simulate crop phenological responses to water stress

Crop phenology is fundamental for understanding crop growth and development, and increasingly influences many agricultural management practices. Water deficits are one environmental factor that can influence crop phenology through shortening or lengthening the developmental phase, yet the phenological responses to water deficits have rarely been quantified. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of a decision support technology software tool, PhenologyMMS V1.2, developed to simulate the phenology of various crops for varying levels of soil water. The program is intended to be simple to use, requires minimal information for calibration, and can be incorporated into other crop simulation models. It consists of a Java interface connected to FORTRAN science modules to simulate phenological responses. The complete developmental sequence of the shoot apex correlated with phenological events, and the response to soil water availability for winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), proso millet (Panicum milaceum L.), hay/foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.], and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) were created based on experimental data and the literature. Model evaluation consisted of testing algorithms using “generic” default phenology parameters for wheat (i.e., no calibration for specific cultivars was used) for a variety of field experiments to predict developmental events. Results demonstrated that the program has general applicability for predicting crop phenology and can aid in crop management.     

障碍型冷害对石河子棉区花铃期棉花生长的影响研究

为了明确棉花主栽品种耐冷性及障碍型冷害的量化指标,达到及时预报,减轻损失的目的。运用智能人工气候箱,在新疆石河子棉区乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站内,于2003-2005年进行低温冷害模拟试验,研究花铃期棉花在经受不同范围和时长的低温后,其植株的受害程度。结果表明,低温处理之后,棉花的叶片、蕾和幼铃都出现异常脱落,经过11.5~18.5℃处理2~4天的其叶片在第8天后才开始异常脱落,其减少率≥35%,并呈持续减少的趋势,而其蕾、幼铃在第6天后就开始异常脱落,减少率≥55%;经过11.5~22.5℃处理2~4天其叶片减少率≤25%,并在处理后的第18~23天基本保持稳定,其蕾、幼铃减少率≥70%。说明花铃期棉花在受冷害之后,其蕾、幼铃先于叶片出现异常脱落,其减少率大于叶片,经过2种相同最低温度不同最高温度的处理,温度日较差小的叶片减少率较高。     

奥利亚罗非鱼在光场中的行为反应研究

为探索了解奥利亚罗非鱼在光场中的趋避行为规律。采用水平光梯度法,研究了4组不同生长阶段的奥利亚罗非鱼：Ⅰ组：20.0~50.0 mm;Ⅱ组：50.0~80.0 mm;Ⅲ组：80.0~110.0 mm;Ⅳ组：110.0~140.0 mm,在250、500、1000、1500、2000 lx白光光强梯度下的行为反应。同时对Ⅰ组奥利亚罗非鱼在不同波长单色光下（红、黄、绿、蓝）下的行为分布开展研究。结果表明：在白光下,4组奥利亚罗非鱼均表现出正趋光性,在250~2000 lx间趋光率随光照强度的增强呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,在1000 lx时趋光率达到峰值,其中近光区趋光率分别为67.5%、55.0%、55.0%、42.0%,总趋光率分别为96.0%、94.0%、96.5%、95.0%;奥利亚罗非鱼的白光适宜照度范围为：500~1500 lx;随着奥利亚罗非鱼的生长发育,近光区趋光率峰值Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ。此外,Ⅰ组奥利亚罗非鱼在不同单色光同一照度下的趋光率差异显著(P<0.05),在蓝光、绿光下的趋光率高于红光、黄光,对不同单色光的趋集行为具有选择性。研究表明：奥利亚罗非鱼在不同光色、不同光强、不同生长阶段都具有选择性,研究结果在开发高效诱捕灯、提高工厂化养殖效益等方面具有积极意义。     

石羊河流域春秋不同播期人工牧草气候生产力分析

2003～2005年对石羊河流域春秋两种播期人工牧草紫花苜蓿(Medicago sative)、沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)的生育期,地上、地下生物量,产量等进行了连续测定。结果表明:(1)紫花苜蓿、沙打旺生长第二年(2004年)干物重春播地均高于秋播地。分别增产3 505.0 kg/hm2、2 314.5 kg/hm2。(2)春播和秋播地牧草干物质积累增长关键期均出现在现蕾～开花期。此期紫花苜蓿、沙打旺干物质积累量分别占累积总量的70%和63%。(3)生长第二年(2004年)春播和秋播地青干比最小值出现在开花期,也是牧草刈割的最佳期。(4)春播牧草地下生物量高于秋播。春播紫花苜蓿、沙打旺根干重分别比秋播高2.5～2.6倍和0.5～1.0倍,春播有利于牧草根系生长。(5)春季日平均气温稳定通过5℃为牧草适宜返青温度。在灌溉条件下,牧草干重与热量因子呈显著正相关,生产力高低主要取决于热量的多寡,秋播地和晚熟品种对热量条件的需求更高。     

Effects of different brassicaceous host plants on the fitness of Pieris brassicae (L.)

Pieris brassicae (L.) is a destructive cosmopolitan pest of cruciferous crops. It is present wherever its host plants occur and it is considered to be one of the most widely distributed of all the Lepidoptera. We investigated the affect of various host plants on the fitness of P. brassicae to survive, develop and reproduce. We quantified development time, survival and mortality on cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis), radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica), and mustard (Brassica campestris) under laboratory conditions. The developmental time from eggs to adult eclosion was the shortest (30.3 days) on cabbage and the longest (38.0 days) on radish. However, adult longevity was significantly (P < 0.001) greatest on cabbage compared with the other host plants tested. Similarly, the developmental rate of P. brassicae was found to be faster on cabbage than other cole crops. Moreover, the lowest immature mortality was evident on cabbage and highest on mustard and radish. Differences in reproductive parameters of the P. brassicae among host plants were analyzed using pseudo-values, which were produced by jackknife re-sampling. The data showed that the higher intrinsic rate of natural increase (0.116 females/female/day) was found on cabbage. Cabbage was recognized as the most suitable host for P. brassicae because of shorter developmental period, higher percentage survival, lower doubling time (6.00), and higher number of adult emergence (29.7%).