柽柳不同遗传材料的扦插成活率及苗期生长变异

对来自4个种源共33个柽柳无性系的扦插试验及苗期生长变异研究表明:柽柳不同种源、不同无性系扦插苗在扦插成活率和生长性状上存在广泛变异,几个主要性状的差异达到显著或极显著水平,种源内无性系间差异大于种源间.3年生时,4个种源中以利津种源生长最差,其他3个种源在各性状上差异不大.盐城种源相对具有较多＞ 1cm分枝.利用主成分分析对无性系进行评价,选出了生长相对稳定,生长和分枝数均较优的3个无性系YC-2、YC-1及KL-2.结合聚类分析,将3年生参试无性系分为4类,前3类无性系可根据不同培育目标加以繁殖利用.     

不同俄罗斯杨树新品种扦插苗的生长比较

以引进的俄罗斯杨树新品种高加索白杨、N12、N2、N21和SL -1为参试品种,对其硬枝扦插苗生根、生长量和生物量进行了系统比较研究。结果表明：参试品种在硬枝扦插生根率、苗高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量和全株生物量等方面存在显著差异,SL -1品种的硬枝扦插苗生根率、苗高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量和全株生物量指标均优,其中苗高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量和全株生物量等5项指标优于对照小黑杨品种,其硬枝扦插生根率、生长量和生物量最高。     

北方茶区茶树短穗扦插繁育技术研究

研究旨在提出适宜北方茶区茶树的扦插繁育技术,为抗寒茶树品种的选育和推广提供技术支撑。以无性系茶树品种‘中茶108’为试验材料,采用L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计,研究激素种类、插穗状态、浸蘸浓度和时间等因子对茶苗发育和扦插成活率的影响。正交试验结果显示,最优组合为A₁B₃C₃D₃,即插穗清水浸泡,扦插前浸蘸200 mg/L IBA 30 min,成活率达81.3%;4个扦插因素产生的效应由主到次依次为激素种类、插穗处理方式、激素的浸蘸时间、激素浓度。不同激素种类处理下,地上部发育指标显示IBA+NAA处理有利于叶片数量和干重增长;由茶苗根系发育情况表型观测可知,IBA+NAA处理根类组成较合理,有利于根系中一级侧根、延长根和吸收根的协同生长;由根系发育指标分析可知,IBA+NAA处理最大程度地促进了根系总根长、总表面积、根体积、根尖数和生物量的增长。由此确立最优扦插组合为插穗斜削后立即清水浸泡,扦插前用激素组合IBA(200 mg/L)+NAA(200 mg/L)浸蘸30 min后迅速插入基质。在此扦插组合下,27个茶树品种的扦插繁育特性差异较大,扦插成活率最高为91.1%,最低仅为12.17%,高于80%的有11个。研究结果在北方茶树扦插中具有较强的应用性,能够为茶树品种的选育和推广提供技术支撑。     

不同处理方式对蓝莓绿枝扦插的影响

[目的]阐明植物激素不同组合、浓度以及扦插基质对不同蓝莓(Vaccinum ashei)品种的生根效果。[方法]以5个蓝莓品种的当年生枝为试材,研究了萘乙酸(NAA)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)组合的不同浓度、浓度配比以及扦插基质对其生根率和生根效果的影响。[结果]5个蓝莓品种的嫩枝扦插以菌根土∶珍珠岩=1∶1的混合基质生根最好;c(NAA)∶c(IBA)=2∶5,浓度为700 mg/L时,粉蓝、灿烂、园蓝和精华的生根率和生根效果(Q值)达到最佳,分别为79.0%和42.13、97.3%和51.76、55.7%和30.36、80.5%和43.14;c(NAA)∶c(IBA)=2∶3,浓度为500 mg/L时,杰兔的生根率和生根效果(Q值)达到最强,为70.6%和37.71。[结论]激素不同浓度配比及浓度对不同蓝莓品种绿枝扦插生根的效果不一。     

农机高效低泡水基清洗剂的研制与性能研究

[目的]研究农机用水基金属清洗剂的配方。[方法]考察表面活性剂、无机助剂、缓蚀剂等组分的种类及用量对洗油性能的影响,确定水基金属清洗剂的最佳配方,制备一种低泡水基金属清洗剂并检测其性能。[结果]采用非离子表面活性剂复配可制备高洗油率的清洗剂,复配表面活性剂的最佳配方为SDR-29和L44用量各12%、L61用量1%、L64用量2%;无机助剂、缓蚀剂等可改善表面活性剂的综合性能,其最佳配比为三乙醇胺15%、苯并三氮唑0.2%、EDTA 2%,该清洗剂去油率可达99.78%。[结论]在最佳配比条件下配制的清洗剂性能指标达到了JB/T 4323.2-1999行业标准的要求。     

不同基质与植物生长调节剂对扶桑插条生根的影响

研究了珍珠岩、蛭石、河沙、菜园土、腐殖营养土等不同基质配比、不同生长素调节剂(IBA、IAA、NAA)及其浓度、生长调节剂与多效唑(PP333)混合使用对扶桑插条生根的影响。结果表明:河沙+腐殖营养土等体积混合的基质对生根的效果最好;IBA处理的生根效果较好,其中以IBA 150mg/L处理的生根率最高,为93.67%;IAA的处理中,以低浓度50mg/L的生根率最高,为90.67%;较高浓度NAA的处理平均生根数较多,但生根率较低。用含PP33320mg/L与IAA 50mg/L或与IBA 150mg/L的混合液处理均能提高扶桑插条的生根效果。     

华北五角枫嫩枝扦插生根形态解剖学分析

从形态学和解剖学的角度观察华北五角枫插穗不定根的发育过程,结果表明：插穗茎内无根原基,后期在愈伤组织内发现根原基。愈伤组织起源于形成层薄壁细胞团,15d后不定根原基发育成不定根并伸出周皮之外。不定根根原基属于诱生根原基。     

霸王硬枝扦插育苗技术研究

霸王是荒漠植物区系的重要成份,生态价值十分重要。对硬枝扦插育苗技术进行了研究,结果表明:扦插径阶对幼苗成活率和高度影响差异性显著(P<0.05),扦插径阶在0.5cm～1.0cm时,幼苗可获得高的成活率和生长量;插穗浸泡时间对苗木生长及成活率没有显著影响,研究结果为荒漠区植物选育提供了理论依据。     

Comparison of growth and stem form characters of Pinus sylvestris clones and seedlings of the same origin in a 10-year field trial

Abstract

A field trial of cuttings and seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was measured after 1, 2, 9 and 10 years. Growth-related and stem form characteristics of rooted cuttings were compared with those of seedlings of the same origin. The cuttings were shorter than the seedlings throughout the experiment, but the difference became smaller with age. The ranking of cuttings and seedlings by average height was already the same after one growing season regardless of the differences in planting heights of the cuttings, indicating that the genetic origin affected the height more than the initial planting height. The growth patterns of the cuttings were similar to those of the seedlings. The bole straightness and stem taper after 10 years in the field were similar in both plant types, but not stable, indicating that the use of cuttings for stem quality selection at an early age has no advantages over the use of seedlings. In conclusion, the consistent performance of cuttings compared with seedlings of the same origin indicates that performance of cuttings is a valid measure of their genetic potential and that cuttings can be used to speed up selection in breeding programmes with Scots pine.     

A selection experiment for height growth with cuttings of Picea abies (L.) Karst

Twenty sets, each consisting of a tall, a medium, and a small plant, were selected from a 2 by 2‐year‐old nursery crop. Selection differential was measured. Cutting propagation was undertaken and the subsequent clones were tested in a field experiment. Differences between groups at age 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10 were calculated, and ortet/ramet regressions and age‐to‐age correlations were conducted. Selection of the tall plants gave a response of approximately 17% at age 10. Accumulated genetic gain at this age by a specified stepwise selection procedure is estimated to 36%. Step one is the early selection in the nursery, step two is a later selection amongst the early selected clones and performed after 7 years’ field testing. Ageing of clones, selection for other traits and application of the clones over a variety of sites will reduce these gains.