毕节地区综合利用秸秆资源发展畜牧业的探讨

秸秆资源的利用是解决畜牧业发展饲料短缺的途径之一。分析毕节地区秸秆资源生产及利用现状,指出加快秸秆开发及深加工利用的意义,并对比常用秸秆处理技术,探讨秸秆养畜开发前景。     

西藏一江两河地区农牧复合生态系统结构分析

利用实地调查,文献分析的研究方法,分析西藏一江两河地区种植业结构和畜牧业结构.结果表明:种植业结构已由粮经二元结构变为粮经饲三元结构;畜牧业结构变化幅度不大;该区农牧复合系统内"粮食作物以谷物占绝对比重,经济作物以油菜为主,均表现出明显的单一性;畜种结构单一,为牛、羊占绝对比重的草食型畜群结构".结构调整建议为:降低粮食作物特别是麦类作物的播种面积,增加经济作物尤其是蔬菜和水果及饲料作物的播种面积,使粮经饲比达到50:20:30;引草入田,推广粮草轮作制度;增加猪及禽类的饲养量,逐步建立耗粮型与草食型相结合的畜种结构的建议.     

印度Leh地区沙棘叶中脂肪酸的含量

本文用气相色谱仪分析了印度Leh地区沙棘叶油中种脂肪酸的含量，结果显示：该地区沙棘叶油中富含硬脂酸，其值可以达到13．853％，山嵛酸13．938％，亚油酸7．579％，掬焦油酸6．638％，十八稀酸4．622％。     

Modeling the water budget in a deep caldera lake and its hydrologic assessment: Lake Ikeda, Japan

The hydrologic assessment of a lake water budget can be helpful in achieving proper water management and sustainable water use. A model to analyze a lake water budget was developed and verified for Lake Ikeda, Japan. Lake evaporation was estimated by numerical analyses of lake water temperature and the lake energy budget. Inflow from the lake catchment area and leakage from the lake bottom were estimated based on the tank model and Darcy's law, and the model parameters were optimized by the shuffled complex evolution method. The estimated monthly lake evaporation rate is consistent with the evaporation rate estimated by the energy budget Bowen ratio method based on in situ data from 2004 to 2005. Moreover, the calculated time series of daily lake levels agrees well with those of measured lake levels during 1983 to 1999. Thus, the model is useful for evaluating the lake water budget. Numerical analysis reveals seasonal and annual variation characteristics in the water budget components. Precipitation, inflow from the catchment area, and river water supply are generally high during the rainy season from June to July with substantial annual variation. Lake evaporation is greatest in October and least in April, but the annual variation is relatively small. Agricultural water use is relatively high from April to September. There are no marked seasonal changes in leakage and drinking water use. The lake level is generally highest in September and lowest in March, which is characterized by seasonal changes in water budget components. The model was also applied to 17-year simulations under hypothetical hydrologic conditions to examine the effect of water use and agricultural water management on the lake level. Results indicate that river water supply, provided under the agricultural water management system, effectively compensates for the decrease in lake water resulting from agricultural water use.     

西部大开发与湘西州农业信息引导

文章介绍了湘西州农业经济的概况，论述了农业信息引导的重要性，分析了湘西州农业信息引导中的障碍因素，提出了加强湘西州农业信息引导采取的措施。     

升金湖消落带植被特征及与土壤特性的关系

探讨湖泊湿地土壤特性对植物多样性的影响,对于理解湿地植被分布及功能的维持机制具有重要意义.在安徽升金湖消落带沿水位梯度设立研究样方,测定植物的盖度、地上生物量以及土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮、全磷等指标,并结合Pearson相关性分析、冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)探讨了土壤特性对植物多样性的影响.结果表明,随着地下水位上升,土壤含水量与全氮含量显著增加(P<0.05),土壤有机碳和土壤全磷含量显著降低(P<0.05).土壤有机碳、全磷含量以及C?N与土壤含水量极显著负相关(P<0.001),土壤全氮、N?P以及C?P与土壤含水量极显著正相关(P<0.001).土壤含水量、土壤全氮含量以及C?P和N?P是影响消落带植被物种多样性变化的关键因子,共同解释了变化的91.85％.总之,土壤含水量可以直接影响消落带植物多样性,也可以通过改变土壤中氮元素的转化和磷元素的有效性间接影响物种多样性.     

青海湖流域沙地植物群落多样性研究

土地沙漠化是青海湖流域重要的生态问题之一,明晰区域内不同沙化阶段植物群落的演化特征,有助于为该区沙漠化防治工作有效开展提供科学依据。本研究通过野外样方调查并应用方差分析、主成分分析和相关性分析,厘清该区潜在、轻度、中度、重度和极重度沙化阶段植物组成特征与变化规律。结果表明,随沙化程度加剧,植物优势种从矮生嵩草、草地早熟禾和垂穗披碱草演替为青海固沙草、驼绒藜和沙蒿,生活型从中生向旱生演替;植物盖度、高度、地上生物量和多度依次降低;物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数与Pielou指数均为先升后降,轻度沙化阶段最高,符合“中度干扰假说”。沙化过程对多样性指数影响为Shannon-Wiener指数>物种丰富度>Simpson指数>Pielou指数,除Pielou指数外,其余多样性指数与植被特征相关性显著。研究结果可为青海湖流域沙化防治及群落多样性研究提供参考。     

如何快速改善千岛湖的森林结构与功能

根据调研结果，就如何快速有效地改变千岛湖森林结构与功能提出了相应的对策，认为调整产业结构，加强森林分类经营和加大封山林力度是三个先决条件，而加强科学研究，充分运用人为有利干扰则是其重要保证。     

青海湖流域生态环境保护与治理对策

通过论述青海湖区生态环境现状和生态环境恶化的原因,说明了青海湖区生态环境的重要地位和作用,生态环境保护、治理的意义,并提出了具体的治理措施。     

衡水湖湿地生态旅游开发研究

衡水湖为国家级湿地及鸟类自然保护区,有丰富的生物资源,优美的景色,丰厚的文化底蕴,优越的地理位置,具有开展生态旅游的有利条件。本文针对衡水湖开发现状及存在的问题,提出了在保护的前提下,合理规划,突出特色等生态旅游开发对策。