Effect of bilateral cecal ligation on use of dietary energy in growing chickens

In order to determine the role of the cecum on energy use in growing chickens, metabolizability of the dietary energy and energy expenditure were examined in the week following bilateral ligation and washing out of the cecum. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values were 14.30 and 13.69 kJ/g air‐dry matter for sham‐operated and cecally ligated chickens, respectively. These values were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05). Although AME intake and fasting heat production were decreased by cecal ligation, the distribution of AME (measured as fasting and feeding heat production, as well as heat increment and energy retention, as a proportion of AME intake) was not affected. These results suggest that the cecum helps chickens extract AME from corn‐soybean type diets with little, if any, effect on AME use, based on the present study of growing chickens in the week following cecal ligation.     

硒和维生素E在热应激猪自由基代谢中的作用

在平均温度为 (34.89± 5 .6 2 )℃的猪舍内 ,选择 10 0日龄长大二元杂交商品生长猪 (去势公猪 ) 4 0头 ,随机分为 4组 ,通过日粮添加不同水平的硒 (Se)和维生素 E(VE)作为对照组、低水平组、中水平组和高水平组 ,测定与自由基代谢有关的血清丙二醛 (malondialdehyde,MDA )含量、超氧化物歧化酶 (superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (glutathione- peroxidase,GSH- Px)活性。结果表明 ,补充 Se和 VE 可降低 (P<0 .0 5 )或显著降低 (P<0 .0 1)血清MDA含量 ;升高 (P<0 .0 5 )或显著升高 (P<0 .0 1)血清 SOD和 GSH- Px活性 ,从而证明 Se和 VE可减少热应激猪体内自由基的数量 ,缓解猪热应激时的自由基损伤 ,提高猪抗热应激的能力     

干热河谷印楝树干液流密度动态变化特征研究

采用TDP技术对金沙江干热河谷元谋段主要造林树种印楝的树干液流密度动态变化进行了观测,得到3点主要结论:①无论干热季节或湿润季节,印楝树干液流密度昼夜变化的规律性较强,呈明显的单峰曲线;②由干热季节转向湿润季节时,印楝树干液流密度呈下降趋势,5年生印楝在5月、7月及10月的典型晴天里的树干液流密度日变化平均值分别为12.11、7.48及6.90cm3·cm-2·h-1;③在干热季节里印楝蒸腾耗水具有相当的被动性,而在湿润季节时其蒸腾耗水则表现出主动性和平氨性,反映了印楝在不同季节里的耗水机制差异.     

太阳能辅助闭式热源塔热泵系统冬季制热性能

热源塔热泵系统以空气为冷热源,在冬季制热时其性能会随环境温度的降低而降低。为此研发了可应用陕南地区农村建筑的太阳能辅助闭式热源塔热泵系统,试验研究了冬季工况下系统的制热性能,初步分析了太阳热能与空气热能的互补机理。研究结果表明:系统制热量范围为12.1～15.2 k W,热泵机组性能系数范围为2.3～3.5,系统能效比范围为1.5～2.4,供热温度高于41℃;冷却水温度对压缩机耗电量的影响程度大于防冻溶液温度,冷却水平均温度每升高1℃,压缩要耗电量增加98.1 W,而防冻溶液平均温度每升高1℃,压缩机耗电量减小9.5 W;太阳能辅助热源塔热泵制热模式下,热泵机组通过改变防冻溶液与空气和集热工质换热温差的方法来改变防冻溶液从空气和集热水箱中的吸热量,以实现空气热能与太阳热能的互补。建议在实际应用中应避免供热温度过高以减小压缩机耗电;在集热水箱温度较高时通过降低风机频率减小风机耗电以提高系统综合能效,但应避免风机低频率工作可能给机组安全运行带来的隐患。     

日光温室主动蓄放热冠层增温系统性能研究

【目的】设计日光温室主动蓄放热冠层增温系统(Active heat storage-release system for canopy warming,AHSCW)并进行实地试验,分析该系统对番茄冠层的增温效果,为进一步探讨主动蓄放热热能的高效应用方式和作物局部增温系统的设计提供参考。【方法】在第六代主动蓄放热系统基础上设计AHSCW,以太阳能为热源,白天通过水循环将太阳能以热能的形式收集于蓄热水池内,夜间通过冠层增温管道释放热量,对番茄冠层进行局部增温。以使用AHSCW的日光温室为试验温室,未加温的日光温室为对照温室,通过测定太阳辐射强度、番茄冠层空气温度、水温及水泵耗电量参数及不同时期番茄的株高、茎粗和产量,对系统的增温效果进行测试与分析。【结果】白天AHSCW的蓄热量为166～194 MJ,夜间放热量为129～142 MJ,能量利用效率为67%～86%;该系统能够提高番茄冠层区域气温1.4～3.0℃;AHSCW温室果实产量为1.14 kg/m~2,是对照温室(0.64 kg/m~2)的1.77倍。【结论】AHSCW可以明显提高番茄冠层气温,保证番茄的越冬生产,促进番茄生长,增加其产量并可使果实提前成熟上市。     

Transient heat transfer characteristics of air-array-jet impingement with different nozzle arrangements on high-tempera-ture flat plate in small jet-to-plate distance

Numerical studies on transient heat transfer characteristics of air-array-jet impingement with a small jet-to-plate distance and a large temperature difference between nozzles and plate were presented.The dimensionless jet-to-plate distance(H/D)was 0.2,and non-dimensional nozzle-to-nozzle spacing(S/D)was 3,4,5 and 6,respectively.It is found that the quenching time is shortened at a constant total mass flow at air jet inlet m·(m·=218.21 kg/h),and the heat transfer uniformity is deterio-rated as S/D increases.However,the adding reversed-flow nozzles can shorten the quenching time of the glass plate considerably with a modest change in the heat transfer uniformity.The results at variable m·are the same as those at a fixed m·.Furthermore,the parity and arrangement of nozzles are also discussed,It is found that an odd number of nozzles is more beneficial for transient heat transfer.Based on these results,an appropriate proposal for ultra-thin glass tempering process is presented.     

Genome‐Wide Identification of MicroRNAs Responsive to High Temperature in Rice (Oryza sativa) by High‐Throughput Deep Sequencing

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important roles in plant growth and stress response. Heat stress is a severe abiotic stresses by adversely affecting plant growth and yield. To identify heat‐responsive miRNAs at the genome‐wide level in rice (Oryza sativa), we constructed two small RNA libraries from young panicles treated or not with heat conditions. Ion torrent sequencing of the two libraries identified 294 known miRNAs and 539 novel miRNAs. Differential expression analysis showed that 26 miRNAs were downregulated and 21 miRNAs were upregulated in response to heat stress. Among them, five heat‐responsive miRNAs, including miR162b, miR529a‐p5, PC‐5P‐62245‐9, miR171b and miR169n, were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A total of 44 target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted. These target genes are most significantly overrepresented in the cell growth process. The results demonstrated that rice miRNAs play critical roles in the heat stress response. This study opens up a new avenue for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs involvement in the heat stress response in rice.     

锅炉烟气余热用于木材干燥的节能改造

针对广东某胶合板企业2台蒸汽锅炉排烟温度高,不能根据工序用热需求实现能源梯级利用的问题,提出了锅炉烟气余热利用方案。根据干燥窑干燥木材的特点,将蒸汽锅炉的烟气引入干燥窑内的换热器用于干燥木材,每年通过回收利用的锅炉烟气余热折合标煤达439t。     

利用蒸发冷却空调开展控温储粮试验

在拱板式高大平房仓的拱板间安装蒸发冷却空调开展控温储粮技术,解决拱板间的积热,以达到延缓仓内温度和上层粮温上升速度的目的。蒸发冷却空调主要利用水泵抽取水槽内的水,通过分水器均匀分布到特殊纤维制成的湿帘组件上,而大流量轴流风机的转动令仓外空气以极高速度穿过湿帘组件将湿气散发到空间,以增加空气中的湿度,通过正压促使空气流动,从而达到换气降温的效果。试验结果表明,利用低功率蒸发冷却空调,可以有效排除拱板间的积热,实现换气降温、节能、环保、绿色储粮的目的。