Community structure and carbon and nitrogen storage of sagebrush desert under grazing exclusion in Northwest China

Overgrazing is regarded as one of the key factors of vegetation and soil degradation in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China.Grazing exclusion(GE)is one of the most common pathways used to restore degraded grasslands and to improve their ecosystem services.Nevertheless,there are still significant controversies concerning GE’s effects on grassland diversity as well as carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)storage.It remains poorly understood in the arid desert regions,whilst being essential for the sustainable use of grassland resources.To assess the effects of GE on community characteristics and C and N storage of desert plant community in the arid desert regions,we investigated the community structure and plant biomass,as well as C and N storage of plants and soil(0-100 cm depth)in short-term GE(three years)plots and adjacent long-term freely grazing(FG)plots in the areas of sagebrush desert in Northwest China,which are important both for spring-autumn seasonal pasture and for ecological conservation.Our findings indicated that GE was beneficial to the average height,coverage and aboveground biomass(including stems,leaves and inflorescences,and litter)of desert plant community,to the species richness and importance values of subshrubs and perennial herbs,and to the biomass C and N storage of aboveground parts(P<0.05).However,GE was not beneficial to the importance values of annual herbs,root/shoot ratio and total N concentration in the 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers(P<0.05).Additionally,the plant density,belowground biomass,and soil organic C concentration and C storage in the 0-100 cm soil layer could not be significantly changed by short-term GE(three years).The results suggest that,although GE was not beneficial for C sequestration in the sagebrush desert ecosystem,it is an effective strategy for improving productivity,diversity,and C and N storage of plants.As a result,GE can be used to rehabilitate degraded grasslands in the arid desert regions of Northwest China.     

不同利用方式下短花针茅草原生物量的形成规律

在内蒙古包头市达茂联合旗哈雅教学牧场 ,采用随机区组法对短花针茅草原在不同刈割时期、次数和高度下的生物量形成规律进行了研究 ,旨在探索短花针茅草原的合理利用方式 ,为草原放牧畜牧业生产实践提供理论依据。研究结果表明 ,短花针茅草原对刈割高度较为敏感 ,适宜的刈割高度为 2 cm;短花针茅草原植物生长缓慢 ,再生能力差 ,不宜于频繁利用 ,一年适宜利用 1 -2次 ;考虑牧草产量和营养物质含量 ,一年两次利用的间隔期应为 2 -3个月 ;一年一次利用的最佳利用期为 8月中旬以后。     

奇台县荒漠类草地自然保护区植物区系

奇台县荒漠类草地自然保护区位于准噶尔盆地东南缘，奇台县境内中部平原区，东经89°53．3’－90°7．5’，北纬44°12．6’－44°25．7’，总面积384．19km2。据调查，共有种子植物27科、94属、139种。占全疆种子植物总科数的22．11％，总底数的14．01％，总种数的4．30％。植物的区系特点如下：1、与世界及我国其它荒漠相比，植物种类较丰富，而且大部分植物科、属的系数较大。2、本区系的温带成分属占优势；同时，地中海、西亚至中亚分布也是本区系重要组成部分。3、种的地理成分以干旱的中亚分布为骨干，兼有地中海、西亚至中亚分布等。4、藜科植物在保护区有特殊地位、5、本区系具有明显的古老性，同时也有属的发展。6、珍稀植物资源较丰富。因此，本保护区具有重要的保护价值。     

风沙区煤炭开采对土壤物理性质和结皮的影响

[目的]为了准确了解煤炭开采对脆弱生态环境造成的影响。[方法]通过样地调查和室内分析,对毛乌素风沙区超大工作面煤炭开采当年和3a后的土壤物理性质和结皮情况进行分析。[结果]开切点土壤物理性质受到采矿的影响强于开采面,开采面土壤的修复能力优于开切点,且采煤对土壤物理性质的影响3a后仍未消除;各采样点的土壤温度不仅与对照存在差异性(p0.05),而且各土壤温度在空间和时间跨度上也存在差异性(p0.05);20cm处的土壤容重、孔隙度和含水率与土壤温度均存在负相关,含水率与土壤温度存在显著负相关(p0.05);结皮的厚度和覆盖度受到采煤的影响,结皮含水率和结皮持水能力在3a内均未恢复到采煤前。[结论]风沙区超大工作面采煤对土壤物理性质和结皮会造成破坏,且在无人为干扰的情况下土壤将进行自我修复,但3a的修复效果与对照组仍存在一定差异。     

河西走廊盐渍化沙区综合治理模式研究

针对河西盐渍化沙区的特点,在沙区采用沙障固定流沙、封沙育林育草、营造固沙阻沙林、建立防护林带的固、封、阻、带结合的沙区治理模式,在盐渍化区采用物理改良措施、种植耐盐植物生物改良措施、发展畜牧养地改碱的改、种、养结合的盐渍化土地治理模式,使沙区盐渍化土地综合治理取得显著的生态、经济效益。     

Differentiation of soil fauna in desert agriculture of the Mariut region

Summary The soil fauna of 23 sites in the Mariut region, west of Alexandria, Egypt, was sampled monthly or seasonally for periods of 1,5–2.5 years. These sites range from unutilized littoral sand dunes, to free-grazing pasture, to low- and high-intensity dry farming, to irrigated agriculture. The average population densities of the encountered taxa were compared by corresponding analysis and by ascending hierarchic classification. With intensification of the agricultural practices, true detritivores of the original system, capable of dealing with the available plant and animal litter and adapted to the harsh desert climate, are replaced by other mesic detritivores adapted to the changes in litter quality (less animal and more plant) and also adapted to the new physical and chemical soil conditions. Meanwhile, the increase in plant biomass encourages the appearance and proliferation of cryptic phytophages (agricultural pests), occupying the niche of the removed large (domestic) herbivores. Carnivores (e.g.Carabidae) also change accordingly. Sites can thus be characterized on the basis of their soil faunas, according to the stage of their evolution, and a system of exchange of missing key taxa between sites should be established.     

菊芋在民勤干旱沙区种植试验研究

2007年通过在民勤干旱沙区进行菊芋种植试验,结果表明:菊芋具有极强的抗旱抗逆能力、固沙和抗风沙能力、繁殖力强等生态适应性,在适宜的条件下,种植后不需灌水即可正常生长,而且生长量大、长势好,是优良的生态经济型防风固沙植物.因此,菊芋适宜在干旱、半干旱沙漠化地区推广种植.     

民勤荒漠草地退化原因及治理对策

介绍了民勤荒漠草地资源和草地退化现状,分析了导致荒漠草地植物组成变劣,草地生产力下降,草地生境日趋荒漠化等退化原因是由自然因素和人为因素综合引起的,有针对性地提出了民勤荒漠草地应采取加强行政措施和强化技术措施相结合的治理对策.     

库布齐沙漠不同地表类型沙粒粒径分析

通过对库布齐沙漠夜鸣沙沙物质、库布齐沙漠穿沙公路两侧沙障内沙物质、银肯响沙的沙物质、响沙湾附近新月形沙丘沙物质以及响沙湾附近固定沙丘沙物质各粒级颗粒的百分含量进行对比分析研究,得出以下结论：（1）夜鸣沙的的粒径均一,分选良好,其中细沙占95.72%,这是夜明沙在夜晚自鸣的主要原因;（2）银肯响沙的细沙占89.54%,比...     

青土湖水面形成过程对荒漠植物多样性的影响

[目的]分析青土湖输水过程对荒漠植物种多样性影响,为青土湖输水后的生态功能分析提供参考。[方法]通过4a的定位观测数据计算,分析青土湖岸植物种的多样性以及植物种的时间与空间变化及其与地下水位关系。[结果]距水面200m范围的植物种数量减少,其中距水面0m的植物种减少最多,100m处物种变化最少。Shannon-Weiner,Pielou指数和Simpson指数变化趋势相似,丰富度和多样性减小,均匀度和优势度增大;其中植物种优势度变化相对较大,且空间变化速率大于时间变化率,但Cody指数的时间变化率大于空间变化速率。[结论]青土湖输水促使植物种及其多样性以水源为中心呈带状变化,形成特征植物圈,且随地下水位上升变化程度增大。