The inheritance and chromosomal location of morphological traits in wild wheat, Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccoides

The homoeologous groups of chromosomes carrying the genes for some morphological traits in wild wheat Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccoides (T. dicoccoides) were determined, but not the actual chromosomes carrying them. The objectives of this study were to investigate the modes of inheritance, and determine the chromosomes carrying some morphological traits in wild emmer (2n = 28; AABB), the progenitor of most cultivated wheats. To investigate the inheritance of morphological traits, crosses were made between T. turgidum L. ssp. durum (T. durum cultivar Chartokhmi (IR10) and T. dicoccoides accessions TA1150 and TA1131. F₂ seeds from each cross were grown in the field and six qualitative characters were investigated. Purple coleoptile, purple auricle, purple culm, hairy auricle, hairy rachilla, and fragility of spike were controlled by single dominant genes. To determine the chromosomal locations, accession TA1131 was crossed with the complete set of LDN D-genome disomic substitution lines. Assessments of F₂ populations showed that chromosomes 7A, 6A, 7B, 5B, 5A and 3B carried genes for purple coleoptile, purple auricle, purple culm, hairy auricle, hairy rachilla and brittle rachis, respectively.     

农艺措施对紫色水稻土无机磷形态的影响

本文对不同农艺措施下紫色水稻土无机P的形态进行了分级测定,结果表明:有机肥与化肥配合施用,有利于促进P素向有效态转化。不同有机肥处理对土壤P库的贡献大小不一样,其顺序为:猪粪>化肥>对照>绿>蚕豆青;耕作措施对P各形态的有效性影响较大,效果依次为水旱轮作>免耕垄作>常规耕作;土壤中无机P的形态与土壤肥力水平密切相关。     

岩石边坡植被护坡研究中的关键问题

近年来,岩石边坡植被护坡技术在理论、方法与应用诸方面取得了长足的发展。作为一门多学科交叉的工程应用技术,岩石边坡植被护坡是一项复杂的系统工程,其发展面临着许多新的问题和新的挑战。基于岩石边坡植被护坡研究现状,结合岩土工程学、恢复生态学及景观生态学中的基本原理,本文从工程原理与实践两方面提出岩石边坡植被护坡研究中的关键问题,以促进该技术途径的发展与完善。     

BP神经网络在隧道岩爆预测中的应用

西南某水电站拟修建四条引水隧洞以及两条平行交通隧道,但工程区一般埋深1000-2000 m,最大埋深2525m,地处高应力区,目前已开挖的2000m洞段中均发现轻微至中等的岩爆现象。因此,在深埋、长大的隧道以后开挖过程中岩爆烈度如何显得十分敏感,利用BP人工神经网络,建立了以强度脆性系数、应力系数等8指标为要素的岩爆预测模型,对12200m未开挖的辅助洞段进行了预报,结果表明,该方法的预报效果较好。与地质分析判断相吻合,可用于进一步指导实践。     

重庆市某危岩治理研究浅析

危岩治理应在充分调查分析其发育的地质环境条件基础上,有针对性地采取各种治理措施,确保危岩的稳定性,同时要加强排水和监测工作。根据对重庆市某危岩特定地质环境条件的分析,采取了清除、支撑、排水、充填、灌浆等措施成功地进行了危岩治理。     

不同碎石含量及直径对土壤水分入渗过程的影响

由于成土原因或人类活动,一些土壤中含有不同含量及大小的碎石。碎石的存在改变了土壤的某些物理特性,入渗过程也因此受到影响。本研究采用定水头入渗试验装置,对7种不同碎石含量(0%,10%,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%)及4种不同碎石直径(0.2~0.5cm,0.5~1.0 cm,1.0~3.0 cm,3.0~4.0 cm)的土壤水分入渗过程进行室内研究,旨在分析碎石含量及直径对土壤入渗过程的影响及其原因,为土石混合介质的研究提供一些理论基础。     

皖南紫红色砂石岩上发育土壤的系统分类研究

对皖南不同时期紫红色砂石岩上发育的8个土壤剖面,按中国土壤系统分类体系,进行鉴别、检索、分类定名。阐述发生分类紫色土的2个亚类级土壤类型在中国土壤系统分类中归为3个土纲,即均腐土、雏形土和新成土;3个亚纲,即湿润均腐土、湿润雏形土和正常新成土;4个土类和6个亚类。提出按中国土壤系统分类的紫色土分类系统;并与美国土壤系统分类、国际土壤分类参比基础进行了参比。讨论了皖南紫红色砂石岩上发育为均腐土的成土环境条件,同时对发生分类紫色土在中国土壤系统分类类别检索提出修订建议。     

Utilization of Sparingly Soluble Phosphate by Red Clover in Association with Glomus mosseae and Bacillus megaterium

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the mobilization of sparingly soluble inorganic and organic sources of phosphorus (P) by red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) whose roots were colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus mosseae and in association with the phosphate-solubilizing (PS) bacterium Bacillus megaterium ACCC10010. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and rock phosphate had a synergistic effect on the colonization of plant roots by the AM fungus. There was a positive interaction between the PS bacterium and the AM fungus in mobilization of rock phosphate, leading to improved plant P nutrition. In dual inoculation with the AM fungus and the PS bacterium, the main contribution to plant P nutrition was made by the AM fungus. Application of P to the low P soil increased phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly promoted by inoculation with either the PS bacterium or the AM fungus.     

膨胀性岩质边坡加固方案的数值试验研究

膨胀性岩质边坡,由于其复杂性,加固方案不易确定。运用有限元方法对膨胀性岩体边坡的加固措施进行了较全面的数值试验研究,得出了坡顶超载与竖向位移、节理间距与坡顶变形及锚杆对坡顶变形影响的规律。该成果可为膨胀性岩质边坡加固方案的确定提供科学依据。     

Application of low‐phosphorus‐containing legume residues reduces extractable phosphorus in a tropical Ultisol

Application of legume green manure (GM) is suggested to be effective in increasing the availability of native soil phosphorus (P) and the dissolution and utilization of phosphate rock (PR)‐P by food crops. Experiments were conducted to study the dynamics of extractable P (P extracted by Bray‐1‐extracting solution) of an Ultisol amended with or without GM residues of contrasting P concentrations in the absence of growing plants. In two separate experiments, GM residues of Aschynomene afraspera (a flood‐tolerant legume) and of Crotalaria micans (upland) with varying P concentrations were added to an acidic soil amended with PR‐P or triple superphosphate (TSP) in plastic bottles. Soil moisture was brought to field capacity of the soil in the upland experiment and saturated with distilled water in the lowland setup. This was done to simulate aerobic upland and anaerobic lowland soil conditions in the relevant plastic bottles. Only P concentration of the residues added varied, while lignin and C : N ratios were similar. A temperature of 25°C was maintained throughout the experiment. Changes in soil extractable Bray‐1‐P were measured at the end of the incubation period (60 or 80 d). In the aerobic soils, extractable P in the combined PR+GM or TSP+GM treatments was significantly lower than in the PR‐ or TSP‐ treated soils. The amendment with GM residues alone significantly increased Bray‐1‐P over the unamended control in the case of the inorganic P‐fertilized GM residues. The trend in extractable P was similar in the soils incubated under anaerobic conditions. However, in the case of PR, concentrations of P extracted by Bray‐1 solution did not significantly change in the presence or absence of GM. The results suggest that the incorporation of GM residues with low P concentration does not lead to a net P release in upland or lowland soils. These results have implications for nutrient cycling in farming systems in W Africa as most of the soils are poor and very low in available P.