禾本科牧草K~+/Na~+与其耐盐性的关系

耐盐牧草有选择性吸收Ｋ＋的能力，通过比较在相同盐份中生长的不同牧草种的叶片Ｋ＋／Ｎａ＋，可鉴定出种间耐盐性，Ｋ＋／Ｎａ＋值大的材料耐盐性强。     

灌溉水矿化度及盐分带入量对小麦相对产量影响的统计分析

在搜集、统计大量咸水灌溉试验资料的基础上,选取咸水充分灌溉条件下矿化度和小麦产量的完整对应数据103组,统计分析了灌溉水矿化度及单位面积盐分带入量对小麦相对产量的影响,结果表明,随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,小麦相对产量呈线性递减趋势,当矿化度大于1.0 g/L时,灌溉水矿化度每增加1 g/L,小麦减产约5.6%;与矿化度类似,随着单位面积盐分带入量的增加,小麦的相对产量也线性降低,盐分带入量每增加1000 kg/hm2,小麦的产量将减少约2%。进一步的检验结果显示,应用灌溉水矿化度及单位面积盐分带入量均可较为可靠地估算小麦的相对产量,估算相对误差基本可控制在16%以内。     

种植密度与底磷肥用量对绿豆产量的影响

通过２因子４水平复因子试验与统计分析，研究了绿豆种植密度和底磷肥施用量对绿豆产量的影响。结果表明，绿豆种植密度和底磷肥施用量，是决定绿豆产量的主要因素。明确了绿豆的最佳种植密度和底磷肥施用量。     

福建柏抗盐无性系初步选择研究

对福建柏1年生无性苗木用100 mmol.L-1NaCl进行胁迫处理,在处理60 d后对苗木的叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、丙二醛等指标进行测定,结果表明:参试的福建柏无性材料间叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量等指标存在明显差异,且受遗传力制约,这些指标可作为抗盐无性系选育的依据;盐胁迫下309、327、328、381-2无性系的叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量分别比总体平均值增加了6.8%～57.1%、11.7%～17.3%、0.7%～14.5%,丙二醛含量减少了17.8%～56.8%。说明这4个无性系有相对较高的抗盐性,初步筛选出309、327、328、381-2抗盐无性系。     

氮磷硫共掺杂生物质基多孔炭的制备及其电化学性能

为了提升农林废弃物在储能领域的高附加值利用，该研究以杉木屑为原料，磷酸三聚氰胺为磷、氮源，基于冷冻NaOH/硫脲体系溶解木质原料中纤维素，通过一步热解制备氮、磷、硫共掺杂多孔炭，并考察活化温度、NaOH/杉木屑质量比和冷冻条件对多孔炭结构及电化学性能的影响。通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS， X-ray photoelectron spectroscop ）和比表面积分析仪（BET，Brunauer-Emmett-Teller）研究多孔炭的表面结构和孔隙结构；采用循环伏安（CV，cyclic voltammetry）、恒流充放电（GCD，galvanostatic charge/discharge）和交流阻抗（EIS，electrochemical impedance spectroscopy）等测试手段表征其电化学性能。研究结果表明：随着活化温度和NaOH/杉木屑质量比的增加，多孔炭的表面积、全孔孔容和比电容呈现先增加后减小的趋势；冷冻条件和磷酸三聚氰胺的加入可以增加多孔炭的比表面积和全孔孔容，提升电化学性能。当活化温度900 ℃，NaOH/杉木屑质量比为1.2时，制备的氮、磷、硫共掺杂多孔炭的比表面积为2 048 m²/g，全孔孔容为1.655 cm³/g，介孔率为99.7%，氮、磷、硫的含量为3.41%、0.29%、1.40%。三电极体系下、6 mol/L KOH电解液中，当电流密度0.5 A/g时，比电容可达261 F/g。用NPS-900-1.2组装的对称超级电容器5 A/g电流密度条件下，比电容值为108 F/g，循环5 000次后库伦效率接近100%，电容保持率为92%。对称的超级电容器功率密度为248 W/kg时，能量密度可达17.2 Wh/kg。该研究为农林废弃物制备高性能超级电容器提供了参考依据。     

Salt Separation Processes in the Saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima (Ledeb.)

Salt cedars (Tamarix) are invasive halophytic species and heavy water consumers. However, Tamarix possesses interesting characteristics accounting for its opportunistic and resilient abilities: analogous to a miniature photodesalinization machine, it thrives on saline soils toxic to most plants. Here we observe, document, and reveal the salt separation process of T. ramosissima. Specimens were cultivated under controlled artificial conditions, then analyzed by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Tamarix ramosissima is shown to produce varied morphologies of salt crystal aggregates from vesiculated trichomes and possess the ability to separate anions and cations. Sodium chloride, potassium chloride (KCl), and potassium sodium sulfate [K_2.25Na_1.75(SO₄)₂] were major exuded salt crystal phases, with smaller quantities of other phases present. Compositions of crystals exuded by individual plants were consistent with compositions of the soils they grew on. Although T. ramosissima may be an invasive nuisance, it may possess other worthwhile attributes such as the potential to be a viable phytoremediator and environmental indicator.     

Population Studies of Limonium stocksii (Plumbaginacea) from a Salt Desert Near the Arabian Sea Coast

Abstract

A population of Limonium stocksii was studied for one year at the upper end of Manora Creek along the Arabian Sea coast, near Karachi, Pakistan. The community was divided into three zones. Soil pH varied from 8.1 to 8.5. Soil conductivity was highest (191 dS m^?1) in September and lowest (55 dS m^?1) in June. Soil water content was relatively low and varied from 1.6% in February to 9.5% in June. Limonium stocksii maintained a persistent seed bank, which peaked at 5,887 seeds m^?2 in May. Very slow growth was observed; however, plants in the intermediate zone showed better growth than the other two zones. Stem and leaf tissue water content were affected by salinity fluctuations, but root tissue water remained unaffected. Sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl^?) accumulated in stems and leaves more than other ions. Leaves also accumulated a very high amount of magnesium (Mg⁺⁺) compared to roots and stems.     

天津外环线主要树种枝条枯死原因分析

2007年秋季对天津外环线树木枯枝情况进行了调查分析,发现天津市外环线树木枯枝现象比较普遍,平均枯枝率达29.01%。枯枝最严重的是柳树,其次是白蜡、毛白杨等。外环线外侧树枝的枯死程度明显比内侧树的严重。树龄的大小不是决定树木枯枝的主要因素,环境的影响是决定因素之一,其中地表水的含盐量和含钠量与树木的枯枝程度有密切关系。     

磷与海南柱花草生产

对热带地区柱花草生产的主要限制因子——磷进行了盆栽和田间试验研究，以探索柱花草的营养诊断适宜值和海南地区缺磷土壤的磷肥用量。试验表明，施用磷肥能提高产量、改善品质，随磷肥用量的增加，柱花草含磷量和粗蛋白含量提高；柱花草营养诊断的适宜磷含量为０．１４％～０．３４％，磷含量与采样时间无明显差异；根据磷肥试验建立的回归模型Ｙ＝５３２４．８５＋７４５．０５Ｘ－５０．５５Ｘ２，海南缺磷土壤推茬施磷（Ｐ２Ｏ５）量为：５２．５～９７．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２（过磷酸钙３２９～６０９ｋｇ／ｈｍ２），最大施磷（Ｐ２Ｏ５）量应低于１１０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

中国对虾不同生长阶段对蛋白质,脂肪,糖类和无机盐的需求

设计不同蛋白质，脂肪，无机盐，糖类配比的９个配方饵料，对中国对虾前，中，后３个生长阶段进行了饲喂试验。结果：各营养要素影响对虾增重的顺序第生阶段为脂肪〉蛋白质〉无机盐〉糖类，最适量为７％，４０％，１３％，２０％；第二阶段为蛋白质〉脂肪〉糖类〉无机盐，阳适量为４５％，５％，２３％，１３％；