卡拉库尔羊妊娠母羊铜、锌、铁、锰的含量测定

为了探索微量元素对妊娠母羊营养状况的影响,选取体重相近、年龄和胎次相同的卡拉库尔羊妊娠母羊和空怀母羊各6只,清晨采取颈静脉血样和臀部毛样,利用原子吸收光谱法对铜、锌、铁、锰4种微量元素含量进行了测定(国标法)。结果表明:血清中,铜的含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);全血中,铁、铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);羊毛中,铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05)。     

黑麦草-耳葡萄球菌对水体中Cu的联合修复效应研究

采用水培实验方法模拟不同程度的Cu污染状况,研究了黑麦草与耳葡萄球菌联合修复作用对Cu的去除效果。结果表明,联合修复作用对Cu的去除效果明显优于单一的黑麦草修复,Cu初始浓度在5-30mg.L-1时,联合修复对Cu的去除率均达85%以上。耳葡萄球菌对Cu表现出较强的耐受性和吸附性,Cu浓度为100mg.L-1时其干重积累量达到40.6mg.g-1。耳葡萄球菌的存在降低了黑麦草根系及茎叶中Cu的积累量,联合修复组的黑麦草的生物量和叶绿素含量明显高于单一黑麦草修复组。该菌在一定程度上减轻了黑麦草所受Cu的毒害性,提高了水中Cu的联合修复效果。     

基于长江三角洲地表水典型土壤铜、锌环境容量探究

我国水污染日益严重,Ⅰ类地表水地区较少,目前可供饮用的Ⅲ类水成为研究土壤地表水体系污染状况的热点。选取具有代表性的长江三角洲地区4种母质（河相、湖相、海相沉积物和沟沟堆积物）发育而成的土壤,通过加入不同量的外源铜、锌金属培育污染土样,使其分别达到国家土壤环境质量三级标准的0.25、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5倍。在此基础上研究雨水和模拟酸雨条件下,对模拟污染的土样进行解吸,并对解吸曲线进行拟合,在基于地表水Ⅲ类水质标准的铜、锌环境容量的基础上,计算了4种土壤在不同情况下的土壤环境容量,并通过探讨国家土壤标准的吻合性,提出针对不同母质的土壤,对其重金属的土壤污染临界值进行适当的调整,以达到Ⅲ类水标准,保障人类的安全与健康。结果表明,在模拟雨水情况下,基于地表水Ⅲ类标准的4种土壤的环境容量分别为：SEBC-06：铜10002mg·kg^-1,锌848.1mg·kg^-1;SEBC-19：铜1162mg·kg^-1,锌612.9mg·kg^-1;SEBC-20：铜9796mg·kg^-1,锌1047mg·kg^-1;SEBC-25：铜720mg·kg^-1,锌180.2mg·kg^-1。     

Obituary-Roger Brereton Marshall

Roger Marshall was born in Christchurch on 27 May 1933 and died at his home in Palmerston North on 24 October 2001. He graduated BVSc from the University of Sydney in 1958 and began his professional career in clinical veterinary practice in Morrinsville. Wishing to specialise in veterinary microbiology, he later enrolled in the postgraduate course for the Diploma in Microbiology at the University of Otago under Professor JAR Miles. On gaining the Diploma in 1963, Roger was appointed a foundation lecturer in veterinary microbiology in the newly formed Faculty of Veterinary Science at Massey University.     

Impact of molybdenum on the copper status of red deer (Cervus elaphus)

AIM: To determine the effect of increasing molybdenum (Mo) intakes on serum and liver copper (Cu) concentrations and growth rates of grazing red deer (Cervus elaphus).

METHODS: Molybdenum- and Cu-amended fertilisers were applied to six 1.1-ha paddocks in a 3 × 2 design. Three levels of Mo were applied on two paddocks at each level in mid April (designated Day 1); levels were: none (control), 0.5 (medium) and 1.0 (high) kg Mo/ha as sodium molybdate. In late May (Day 39), two levels of Cu (none and 3.0 kg Cu/ha, as copper sulphate) were applied to each of the three levels of Mo-treated paddocks. Pasture Mo, Cu and sulphur (S) concentrations were measured at about fortnightly intervals. In late June (Day 74), ten 6-month-old red deer hinds were placed on the six experimental pastures, and serum and liver Cu concentrations were monitored at about monthly intervals for 102 days. The hinds were weighed on four occasions during the trial.

RESULTS: Mean pasture Mo concentrations on Day 56 were 2, 4.6 and 11.3 mg/kg dry matter (DM) for the untreated control, medium and high Mo-treated pastures, respectively. Pasture Cu concentration was 95 mg/kg DM on Day 59, 53 mg/kg DM on Day 90, and 9 mg/kg DM by Day 153. Mean S concentration in pasture was 3.3 (range 3.03–3.45) g/kg DM. Copper application to pasture had no significant effect on serum and liver Cu concentrations in deer so data were pooled within Mo treatment. Mean initial (Day 74) serum Cu concentration was 9.2 µmol/L. In the deer grazing the control Mo pasture, this increased to 10.3 µmol/L on Day 112, before decreasing to 6.4 µmol/L on Day 176. In deer grazing the medium and high Mo-treated pastures, mean serum Cu concentrations were 3.8 and 3.9 µmol/L, respectively, on Day 112, and 2.5 and 3.3 µmol/L, respectively, on Day 176. Mean initial (Day 74) liver Cu concentration was 131 µmol/kg fresh tissue. In the deer grazing the control Mo pasture, this declined to 120 and 52 µmol/kg on Days 112 and Day 176, respectively. In deer grazing the medium and high Motreated pastures, liver Cu concentrations decreased to 55 and 52 µmol/kg fresh tissue, respectively, on Day 112, and 21 and 20 µmol/kg fresh tissue, respectively, on Day 176. Mean serum and liver Cu concentrations were not significantly different between deer grazing the medium and high Mo-treated pastures, and were lower (serum p=0.003, liver p<0.001) in those groups than in deer grazing the untreated control pastures. No clinical signs of Cu deficiency associated with lameness were observed. Deer grazing pastures that had Mo concentrations >10 mg/kg DM had lower (p=0.002) growth rates (100 vs 130 g/day) than those on pastures containing <2.4 mg Mo/kg DM.

CONCLUSION: Increasing pasture Mo concentrations from 2 mg/kg DM to ≥4.6 mg/kg DM significantly reduced serum and liver Cu concentrations in grazing deer. Reduced growth rate was observed at pasture Mo concentrations >10 mg/kg DM.     

Treatment and outcome of chronic septic tenosynovitis in three horses

Three horses were presented for treatment of chronic infections of the digital flexor tendon sheath. Clinical signs included severe lameness, and heat, pain and swelling of the digital flexor tendon sheath. The horses were treated with surgical lavage of the tendon sheath, systemic and local antibiotics, and analgesics. In each case, resolution of the lameness occurred over weeks to months. Only one horse returned to athletic activity, while the other two became comfortable at pasture. Response to treatment in cases of chronic tenosynovitis may not be as rapid or complete as that reported for acute tendon sheath infections.     

亚慢性铜暴露对背角无齿蚌鳃抗氧化系统的影响

为探究淡水环境中铜(Copper, Cu)污染对背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)鳃抗氧化系统的影响,检测了Cu~(2+)(0.137、0.548、2.192 mg·L~(-1))暴露于背角无齿蚌7、14、21、28 d后,其鳃中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GPx)和谷胱甘肽转硫酶(Glutathione-S-transferase,GST)的活性,还原型谷胱甘肽(Reduced glutathione,GSH)和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量及总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,TAOC)的变化。结果显示:随着Cu~(2+)浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长,MDA含量逐渐上升,表现出明显的"剂量-效应"和"时间-效应"关系;抗氧化酶SOD、GPx和GST活性均被显著诱导(P0.05), CAT活性被显著抑制(P0.05),抗氧化剂GSH含量显著降低(P0.05);Cu~(2+)暴露14、21、28 d,T-AOC与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05)。总体而言,背角无齿蚌鳃抗氧化系统在Cu~(2+)暴露下被激活,但是鳃组织器官仍然受到了氧化损伤。GPx、GST和GSH对Cu~(2+)暴露响应最为灵敏。     

玉米叶片铜污染的EEMD-MA-FD光谱诊断模型

以铜为例探讨重金属不同胁迫浓度下玉米叶片光谱的微弱信息量差异,在2017年测定的玉米叶片光谱数据和Cu~(2+)含量的基础上,结合集成经验模态分解(Ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)、Mallat算法(MA)和分形维数(Fractal dimension,FD)构建EEMD-MA-FD光谱诊断模型来进行光谱弱信息变换监测。与红边最大值、蓝边最大值等常规重金属污染监测方法进行对比分析,验证EEMD-MA-FD模型在玉米叶片铜污染监测中的优越性,最后利用2016年采集的光谱数据作为检验数据验证模型的稳定性。结果显示,玉米叶片Cu~(2+)含量与EEMD-MA-FD模型结果存在较强的相关性,相关系数为-0.942 2,检验数据Cu~(2+)含量与模型结果相关系数为-0.993 7,与实验结果有较高的一致性。由此验证了EEMD-MA-FD诊断模型在农作物重金属铜污染监测中的可行性。     

2种养分水平条件下大麦幼苗对重金属铜胁迫的生长响应

以大麦（Hordeum vulgare）幼苗为研究材料,采用10%和35%浓度霍格兰营养液（Hoagland solution）2种养分水平和0、1和10 mg(L^-1 3种铜胁迫水平的正交试验设计,开展为期3周的水培试验,研究养分水平对重金属铜胁迫植物生长的影响。结果表明,与10%霍格兰液相比,35%霍格兰液可提高大麦幼苗在铜胁迫时的生物量积累,增加叶片叶绿素含量以及抗氧化酶活性。但这种缓解作用受铜胁迫水平的影响。在1 mg(L^-1 铜胁迫水平时,提升营养液水平可显著提高植株生物量、叶片叶绿素含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性;而在10 mg(L^-1铜胁迫水平时提升营养液水平亦可显著提高叶片过氧化物酶（POD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）活性,但对叶绿素含量无影响。此外,铜胁迫对根系生长的抑制作用强于对地上部分的抑制;10%霍格兰液条件下,1 mg(L^-1铜胁迫与无胁迫处理相比可显著增加叶片叶绿素相对含量。提高养分供给是增强大麦耐受铜胁迫能力的一个重要途径。     

库尔勒地区梨火疫病防治药剂筛选及防治适期分析

【目的】筛选出防治梨火疫病化学药剂和防治适期,为该病害的防控提供依据。【方法】选择14种市售药剂进行田间药效试验,采用常量喷雾方法进行化学防治药剂筛选,分析不同时期施药最佳防治时期,运用定向涂抹法防治发病严重部位。【结果】铜制剂对梨火疫病的防效相对较优于农用抗生素,其中氢氧化铜、噻菌铜和松脂酸铜的防效分别为96.2%、68.5%和66.7%;香梨初花期施药的防治效果显著优于盛花期和果实膨大期,且铜制剂的防效高于其它药剂,其中初花期施用氢氧化铜对梨火疫病的防效可达96.2%;针对已发病的梨树枝干,可使用植物杂源多酚进行涂抹防治,病斑抑制率达到了92.1%。【结论】初花期可喷施铜制剂进行保护,有效阻止病原菌入侵;盛花期可使用非铜制剂进行防治,避免产生药害;果实膨大期可使用植物杂源多酚或噻霉酮涂抹剂定向涂抹。