Development of a multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay to detect shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in cattle

A multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mLAMP) assay was developed for simultaneous detection of the stx1 and stx2 genes and applied for detection of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in cattle farm samples. Two target genes were distinguished based on T_m values of 85.03 ± 0.54℃ for stx1 and 87.47 ± 0.35℃ for stx2. The mLAMP assay was specific (100% inclusivity and exclusivity), sensitive (with a detection limit as low as 10 fg/µL), and quantifiable (R² = 0.9313). The efficacy and sensitivity were measured to evaluate applicability of the mLAMP assay to cattle farm samples. A total of 12 (12/253; 4.7%) and 17 (17/253; 6.7%) STEC O157, and 11 (11/236; 4.7%) non-O157 STEC strains were isolated from cattle farm samples by conventional selective culture, immunomagnetic separation, and PCR-based culture methods, respectively. The coinciding multiplex PCR and mLAMP results for the types of shiga toxin revealed the value of the mLAMP assay in terms of accuracy and rapidity for characterizing shiga toxin genes. Furthermore, the high detection rate of specific genes from enrichment broth samples indicates the potential utility of this assay as a screening method for detecting STEC in cattle farm samples.     

Stable isotope variations in otoliths of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and indications of the possible 1990 regime shift

Stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) from archived otoliths of Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, were measured to examine the most recent regime shifts in British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska. δ¹⁸O values of these otoliths ranged from −1.5 to +2.8‰ VPDB, and were consistent with the life stages and migration behavior of halibut. δ¹³C varied from −3.3 to +0.9‰ VPDB, but did not show a transition from the juvenile to the adult stage as does δ¹⁸O. Evaluation of δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values of mature halibut (ages 8–12) indicated that the 1977 regime shift might have a warming impact on the northeast Pacific fish stocks. In contrast, a possible regime shift around 1990 with a bottom seawater temperature decrease of about 2 °C might have occurred in both the areas. The connection between stable isotope variations in otoliths and the climate regime shifts is thus potentially useful in studying the population dynamics of Pacific halibut, and decadal scale (e.g., the last 20–30 years) ocean environmental changes.     

Lamellarin O,a Pyrrole Alkaloid from an Australian Marine Sponge,Ianthella sp., Reverses BCRP Mediated Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells

ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-gp, BCRP and MRP1, can increase efflux of clinical chemotherapeutic agents and lead to multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. While the discovery and development of clinically useful inhibitors has proved elusive to date, this molecular target nevertheless remains a promising strategy for addressing and potentially overcoming MDR. In a search for new classes of inhibitor, we used fluorescent accumulation and efflux assays supported by cell flow cytometry and MDR reversal assays, against a panel of sensitive and MDR human cancer cell lines, to evaluate the marine sponge co-metabolites 1–12 as inhibitors of P-gp, BCRP or MRP1 initiated MDR. These studies identified and characterized lamellarin O (11) as a selective inhibitor of BCRP mediated drug efflux. A structure–activity relationship analysis inclusive of the natural products 1–12 and the synthetic analogues 13–19, supported by in silico docking studies, revealed key structural requirements for the lamellarin O (11) BCRP inhibitory pharmacophore.     

饲料蛋白含量对稻-黄颡鱼共作模式气态氮排放、黄颡鱼生长和氮利用率的影响

【目的】明确饲料蛋白含量对稻-黄颡鱼共作模式下N₂O和NH₃挥发特征及黄颡鱼生长的影响,有利于稻-黄颡鱼综合种养的高效、绿色发展。【方法】采用盆栽模拟试验,以常规单养黄颡鱼模式为对照,系统研究了不同饲料蛋白含量对稻-黄颡鱼共作模式下N₂O和NH₃的排放特征、水体和底泥的氮含量以及黄颡鱼生长的影响。【结果】在相同蛋白含量下,稻-黄颡鱼共作模式的N₂O和NH₃挥发分别比单养黄颡鱼模式降低18.3%和76.20%,水体总氮和无机氮含量降低41.30%和48.85%,黄颡鱼蛋白累积量增加20.00%,氮利用率增加171.50%。在稻-黄颡鱼共作模式下,提高饲料蛋白含量会显著增加N₂O排放量和水体残留氮含量,但对NH₃挥发无显著影响;黄颡鱼特定生长率和蛋白累积量与饲料蛋白含量呈二次曲线关系。饲料氮利用效率随饲料蛋白含量增加呈线性降低趋势。【结论】综合考虑黄颡鱼生长和N₂O排放以及养殖水体氮残留等因素,确定稻-黄颡鱼共作模式饲料蛋白含量不宜超过43.04%。     

ArcGIS林业制图理论与实践

文章以ArcGIS10.0为基础,结合昆明市圆宝山林区森林防火通道修复,从GPS参数设置及地理信息采集、地形图PS处理、ArcGIS地理配准、显示GPS点、建立Shape文件(矢量图层)连接GPS点(描图)、长度(面积)计算、图形输出等方面分析了ArcGIS在林业制图中的应用。     

滇中岩溶高原滇青冈原生林植物水分利用来源的稳定同位素分析

为阐明滇中岩溶高原滇青冈Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides原生林植物水分利用机理及其对岩溶干旱生境的适应策略,运用氧稳定同位素技术,分析了滇青冈,云南木樨揽Olea yue nnanensis,清香木Pistacia weinmannifolia等3种不同年龄阶段常见优势木琴植物小枝木质部水分及土壤水、表层岩溶带水氧同位素值的相关性,确定植物水分来源,并通过IsoSource模型计算不同潜在水源对滇青冈原生林的贡献。结果表明：滇青冈及其伴生的乔木水分利用层位及利用比例呈现时空差异,并形成明显的水分竞争关系。旱季,滇青冈、成熟云南木樨揽、幼龄清香木主要利用55～115 cm深层土壤水,成熟的滇青冈和清香木对表层岩溶带水利用比例增加。雨季,成熟的滇青冈、云南木樨揽、清香木和幼龄清香木因大气降水对浅表层土壤的补给主要利用20-55cm土壤水,利用比例分别为100％,33．3％,66．0％,37．4％,幼龄植株对表层岩溶带水的利用比例大于成熟植株。图2参23     

中国畜禽温室气体排放量估算

为探明中国畜禽温室气体排放量及其趋势,该研究在政府间气候变化专家委员会（IPCC,2006）最新公布的畜禽温室气体排放系数和计算方法的基础上,结合中国畜牧业发展实际,估算了全国2000－2007年和各省区2007年畜禽温室气体的排放量。结果表明,全国年平均排放甲烷总量1 002.7万t,氧化亚氮总量57.7万t;2000－2007年期间全国畜禽温室气体排放量总体呈下降的趋势,黄牛甲烷排放量最大,生猪氧化亚氮排放量最大;各省区畜禽温室气体排放量呈现区域集中特点,居前2位的是四川省和河南省。要减少中国畜禽温室     

超级早、晚稻的养分吸收和根系分布特性研究

为了阐明双季超级稻的高产机理和指导合理施肥,采用品种比较的方法,研究了超级早、晚稻品种的养分吸收和根系分布特性。结果表明,超级早、晚稻品种的养分吸收量平均分别为N 170.04、224.90 kg/hm2,P 21.97、39.88 kg/hm2,K 107.48、144.47 kg/hm2,均高于对照。生育中期（穗分化至抽穗）的养分吸收量与产量密切相关。生产100 kg稻谷所需要的养分较对照低10%左右。超级早、晚稻品种根系发达,根量较大。抽穗后15 d（早稻）或20 d（晚稻）的根量与产量密切相关,其中5—10 cm的根量与养分吸收总量密切相关。说明生育中期较多的养分吸收和发达的根系是超级早、晚稻高产的重要原因。     

浅析灵石县污水处理厂污水处理工艺

以灵石县污水处理厂污水处理工艺为例,分析了A2/O工艺和BAF工艺原理、特点及存在的问题,为一些污水处理厂污水处理工艺的选择提供参考。     

水稻适雨灌溉对稻田CH_4和N_2O排放的影响

采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,观测分析了水稻适雨灌溉和常规灌溉2种模式下稻田CH_4和N_2O的季节排放情况,评估了水稻适雨灌溉对稻田CH_4和N_2O排放的影响。结果表明,适雨灌溉稻田CH_4、N_2O排放峰值分别出现在分蘖期和拔节孕穗期,整个生育期CH_4、N_2O平均排放通量分别为16.77 mg/(m~2·h)、6.64μg/(m~2·h),适雨灌溉稻田CH_4、N_2O排放量较常规灌溉显著下降(p0.05),分别下降了74.47%和67.06%。水稻适雨灌溉通过合理利用雨水资源,减少灌溉次数及灌水量,显著降低了稻田CH_4和N_2O的排放。