果园割草机割茬高度机构运动分析与设计

生草制矮砧密植园苹果园草势生长状态可有效控制果园水分,协调果园微域环境。为此,利用数学模型分析了平行四杆机构的运动参数,确定了割茬高度调节手柄转动角度与割茬高度间对应的数学关系。分析表明,高度调节手柄转动角度α为-16.13°,-9.59°,-3.18°,3.18°,9.59°和16.13°等6个角度时,对应割茬高度为50,60,70,80,90,100mm,实现了割茬高度精确控制;同时,应用AIP软件创建割茬高度调整机构数字样机,满足割茬高度的有级调整要求。     

不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分差异比较分析

以杉木3代种子园为研究对象,分析不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量差异,从而为实现杉木种子园的合理施肥奠定理论基础。研究结果表明,同一坡向随着坡位上升以及同一坡位随着土层深度的增加,杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量呈逐渐下降趋势;同一坡位同一土层深度不同坡向对土壤有效养分含量的影响体现出较为复杂的规律。     

种子园配置设计的计算机处理系统

借助计算机辅助进行种子园配置设计，根据不规则山地的定植图，模拟出完全随机、完全随机区组、顺序错位、雌雄区组、平衡不完全区组、拉丁方、矩形区组方、约束随机区组、约束更换区组等设计方案，供使用者选择．软件设计为中文菜单式人机对话形式，应用计算机辅助设计（ＣＡＤ），复盖和编译等优化技术．经过实际运行结果表明，此系统功能较强，适用性及通用性好，运行速度快，比手工配置效率提高几十倍．     

食用菌与猕猴桃高效组合模式研究

针对猕猴桃园空间大 ,枝繁叶茂等特点 ,进行了木耳、香菇、蘑菇与猕猴桃高效组合 3种模式的种植试验。结果表明 ,猕猴桃园栽培的 3类食用菌其产量明显比露地高 ,经济效益为木耳 >香菇 >蘑菇 ,且组合模式的效益比单独栽培猕猴桃增加 6.5～ 1 3倍 ;猕猴桃与食用菌之间有互补互促作用 ,猕猴桃园可提供食用菌生长良好的温、湿、光、气等条件 ;食用菌放出 CO2 可增强猕猴桃光合作用 ,其菌渣提供优质肥料 ,改善土壤理化性状 ,促进生态良性循环。     

Family Outcrossing Rates of Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea in Seed Orchard and Natural Populations

Family outcrossing rates of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea populations that differed in origin and management were estimated by using isozyme markers. The family outcrossing rates were estimated by (1)fixing the probability of pollen gene frequency (p); (2) allowing pollen gene frequency to vary among families. The estimates of family outcrossing rates for all the populations varied widely among families (clones of the seed orchard), ranging from 0.39 to 2.0. The average family outcrossing rates of both methods were greater than the     

湿地松种子园无性系间开花结实差异分析

湿地松种子园内无性系间的生长，开花和结实等性状存在着显著差异，无性素水平和单株水平上的性状相关分析结果基本一致，雌花量与结实量，球果长与宽有较密切的相关关系，而无性素的雌花量与雌花量存在负相关关系。     

Adaptive properties of Picea abies progenies are influenced by environmental signals during sexual reproduction

Summary Several independent tests have shown that climate and weather during sexual reproduction influence the adaptive properties of the Picea abies progenies. This phenomenon is expressed in seed orchards established by moving parent trees, propagated as grafts, from north to south, from high to low elevation, or from outdoor to indoor greenhouse conditions. The progenies exhibit delayed flushing in the spring, later growth cessation of leader shoots in the summer, delayed bud-set, higher frequency of lammas shoots and delayed development of frost hardiness in the autumn compared to progenies reproduced in the colder native environment. The altered performance is persistent. We have found no effect on progenies of photoperiod and temperature treatments given to the males during meiosis and pollen production. However, when crosses were made in early spring (March), inside a heated greenhouse (short day, high temperature), the progenies are less frost hardy during cold acclimation than progenies from identical crosses performed in late spring (May; long day high temperature) in the greenhouse. The most hardy offspring were from crosses performed under outdoor conditions in May (long day, low temperature). These results indicate that some stages in reproduction, such as female meiosis, pollen tube growth, syngamy and early embryo development, are sensitive to temperature and/or photoperiod which then alter the phenotypic performance of the offspring. The most likely explanation is the existence of a regulatory mechanism affecting the expression of genes controlling adaptive traits. If this is true, it must have implications for the genetic interpretation of provenance differences in Norway spruce.     

太行山区苹果园昆虫群落及其动态变化研究

研究了河北太行山中南部苹果园昆虫群落的组成、发展演替、群落的空间、时间格局;揭示了苹果生长季节昆虫群落结构的变动规律,确定了不同时期、不同部位的害虫优势种;明确了苹果园昆虫多样性、均匀度和优势度参数变化较大,在太行山区苹果园生态系统中,仅靠天敌的作用,不能起到控制害虫危害目的,需以人工干预。     

抗旱保水剂在果园中的应用效应研究

利用大田试验的方法研究了KD—1型抗旱保水剂在苹果树上的使用效应。结果表明,每棵果树使用抗旱保水剂25～100g,可使土壤含水量平均增加2.01%～2.25%,土壤容重降低0.093g/cm3,大于0.25mm的团粒结构增加10.28%,果树新梢长度和粗度分别增加3.66cm和0.04cm,单果重平均增加23g,差异明显。但使用保水剂对土壤酸碱度和果实含糖量的影响作用不明显。     

山地果园单轨运输机超声波避障系统的设计与试验

为避免山地果园单轨运输机运行时碰到前方穿越的移动物体或轨道上的静止障碍物,提高运输机工作的安全性和稳定性,研制了山地果园单轨运输机超声波避障系统。该系统由核心微处理器、超声波探头及收发电路、电源模块、无线通信模块和按键等组成。以规则物块、不规则小石块等作为轨道上的障碍物,以树枝、侧枝较多的盆栽柑橘树作为轨道旁的非障碍物,将超声波探头安装在3个不同位置,使运输机工作在慢、中、快3个不同的速度,测试了避障系统的工作性能。试验结果表明,在一定条件下,避障系统能识别轨道上的障碍物和轨道旁的非障碍物。该研究提升了单轨运输机在轨道上无人驾驶运行的安全性和可靠性。