非衍生化-气相色谱串级质谱（GC-MS-MS）法测定豆粉中的三聚氰胺

利用离子阱气相色谱质谱联用仪,建立了非衍生化处理-气相色谱串级质谱直接分析三聚氰胺的检测方法.利用三聚氰胺二级质谱进行定性,以二级质谱的特征离子峰m/z=85进行定量,分析效率大大提高.方法的线性范围为0.5～10 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.998 7,最小检测限为0.20 mg/kg,方法的精密度为5.9%,方法的回收率为82%～96%,满足现有三聚氰胺的检测,建立的方法可以直接应用于该类产品中三聚氰胺的检测.     

离子束介导玉米DNA后受体小麦当代群体的生物学效应

以6份玉米品种的全基因组DNA为供体,以4份普通小麦品种为受体,借助于低能离子束介导技术完成异源遗传物质的转移,对其介导试验的当代群体的特异性进行了观察鉴定。结果表明,经过离子束注入处理后试验材料的成苗率明显地降低,这是低能离子所导致的生物学效应之一。在所有的试验材料的生育前期和中期,在每一个处理的群体内主要农艺性状上没有表现出明显的差异,而在生育后期,被处理材料的大部分农艺性状与对照没有显著差异,仅仅在4个性状,即植株的生长势、穗型、主茎分蘖状态和单穗变异上,被处理材料表现出一定的变异特征。尽管离子束注入处理和直接浸泡外源DNA的处理也会导致其当代群体内出现突变株,但其群体内的突变株数量比较少,突变率比较低。经过离子束介导处理所导致的生物学效应最明显,其群体内的突变株数量比较多,突变率比较高。     

大豆耐盐性研究进展*

本文从离子毒害、膜脂和蛋白质组分改变、活性氧伤害、根瘤和盐腺等方面,概述了有关大豆耐盐性的研究进展。阐明了大豆右以通过渗透调节、膜组分改变、清除活性氧等生理机制增强抗盐性,还可通过根瘤、盐腺等形态结构适应盐逆境。指出了提高大豆耐盐以进行盐土生物改良和综合开发的可能途径及今后的研究方向。     

用离子交换树脂催化法合成松油醇

探讨了用离子交换树脂催化合成松油醇的工艺条件,考察了溶剂、反应温度和反应时间等对水合反应的影响。     

在NH_4H_2PO_4体系中土壤胶体锌吸附的研究

本文研究了ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４对土壤胶体吸附锌的影响。结果表明，在石灰性土壤中锌肥配施ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４可降低土壤平衡液的ＰＨ值，减弱土壤胶体的吸锌量，增加了土壤平衡液中锌的活性，有利于提高锌肥肥效。     

Effects of pure plant secondary metabolites on methane production,rumen fermentation and rumen bacteria populations in vitro

In this study, the effects of seven pure plant secondary metabolites (PSM s) on rumen fermentation, methane (CH₄) production and rumen bacterial community composition were determined. Two in vitro trials were conducted. In trial 1, nine concentrations of 8‐hydroxyquinoline, α‐ terpineol, camphor, bornyl acetate, α‐ pinene, thymoquinone and thymol were incubated on separate days using in vitro 24‐hr batch incubations. All compounds tested demonstrated the ability to alter rumen fermentation parameters and decrease CH₄ production. However, effective concentrations differed among individual PSM s. The lowest concentrations that reduced (p  <  .05) CH₄ production were as follows: 8 mg/L of 8‐hydroxyquinoline, 120 mg/L of thymoquinone, 240 mg/L of thymol and 480 mg/L of α‐ terpineol, camphor, bornyl acetate and α‐ pinene. These concentrations were selected for use in trial 2. In trial 2, PSM s were incubated in one run. Methane was decreased (p  <  .05) by all PSM s at selected concentrations. However, only 8‐hydroxyquinoline, bornyl acetate and thymoquinone decreased (p  <  .05) CH₄ relative to volatile fatty acids (VFA s). Based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, different PSM s changed the composition of bacterial communities to different extents. As revealed by Ion Torrent sequencing, the effects of PSM s on relative abundance were most pronounced in the predominant families, especially in Lachnospiraceae , Succinivibrionaceae , Prevotellaceae , unclassified Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae . The CH ₄ production was correlated negatively (?.72; p  <  .05) with relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and positively with relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae (.86; p  <  .05). In summary, this study identified three pure PSM s (8hydroxyquinoline, bornyl acetate and thymoquinone) with potentially promising effects on rumen CH₄ production. The PSM s tested in this study demonstrated considerable impact on rumen bacterial communities even at the lowest concentrations that decreased CH₄ production. The findings from this study may help to elucidate how PSM s affect rumen bacterial fermentation.     

离子束介导技术在水稻遗传改良中的应用前景

在利用离子束介导技术对水稻进行遗传改良的研究领域内仍然存在着5大研究难题值得注意,即离子束介导试验的机理问题、供体与受体的亲缘关系、对介导试验的后效性研究、寻找介导试验证据时的片面性和离子束介导技术的超前性研究.明确提出了离子束介导技术在水稻遗传改良中的技术思路,即立足于离子束介导技术这一物理学技术平台、注重研究2个关键性问题、在研究中完成3个有效转变、寻找4个方面的试验证据、研究5大生物学特性.     

MECHANISM OF ELECTRIC FIELD ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL

Using The Electric Fertilization Apparatus which was made by the ForestryInstiute of Jilin City,the mechanism of the electric field on the physical-chemical characteristicsof soil,in this paper were studied.The preliminary conclusion is that the amount of chemical fer-tilizer may be saved under the effect of electricity.     

离子注入对小麦三叶期3种保护酶活性的影响

以鉴54、豫农118及豫麦18号为材料,研究了不同剂量率、剂量离子注入对小麦三叶期过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.结果发现:离子注入后小麦三叶期的幼苗叶片中CAT和POD的酶活性一直高于对照,而SOD在低剂量条件下酶活高于对照,在剂量大于5.6×1017 N /cm2时酶活性低于对照.随着剂量的增加,酶活性变化趋势为先升后降,且有一定的波动性.不同剂量率间酶活有一定差异,品种间有辐射敏感性差异.