蔬菜脱水试验台传动装置设计

现有的蔬菜脱水设备生产能力较大,直接用于试验时,一次试验用料过多,更换加热方式麻烦,试验过程复杂.针对这些问题,设计了一小型蔬菜脱水试验台.该试验台体积小,一次试验用料少,大大降低了试验成本.对该试验台的传动和输送装置进行了详细的结构设计及计算,同时还对其张紧装置和张紧机构进行了改进设计.改进后的传动及输送装置结构合理、传动平稳且试验方便,为蔬菜脱水设备的进一步研究及其产业化奠定了良好基础.     

秸秆粉碎还田回收机性能试验

在棉田对秸秆粉碎还田回收机进行机具性能试验,选定留茬高度、秸秆粉碎长度和抛送距离作为主要的性能指标,通过一系列正交试验和理论分析,用直观分析法和方差分析法揭示了影响秸秆粉碎还田机性能的主要因素.与实际生产相结合,确定了最优的参数组合,即秸秆粉碎还田回收机在刀辊的转速为1800 r/min,粉碎机具前进速度为5.4 km/h,甩刀刀刃离地最小间隙为8cm.实验结果表明,机具有较优的性能指标,为整机的设计研究提供了理论依据.     

驾驶员的视觉特性对道路交通安全的影响研究

为了更好地提高道路交通安全管理水平、减少交通事故,本文对关系驾驶员安全行车的视觉特性如视力、视野、立体视觉、色视觉、视觉适应等因素结合交通事故统计资料进行了分析,阐述了驾驶员的视觉特性对道路交通安全的影响。     

基于有限元的盘式制动器耦合场研究

盘式摩擦制动器在汽车上有着广泛的应用。但该制动器在制动过程中因制动器温度的急剧上升,将使制动性能降低,甚至有可能导致制动器失效,因此制动器温度和应力分布对制动器的寿命及制动性能有着重大影响。本文采用有限元方法对制动器的耦合场进行了分析研究,耦合分析结果表明:在制动开始阶段,制动器迅速升温,高温区集中在制动器摩擦面表层,最高温度达195℃;制动过程结束后,整个制动器有一段较长时间的降温过程;制动器的最大热应力-时间曲线变化规律不一致,但均满足材料强度要求。     

水浇地覆膜玉米吨粮生产技术研究

建平县老河川水浇地覆膜玉米田在玉米种植中通过群体结构优化,实现了玉米吨粮生产目标。介绍实现玉米吨粮生产的主要技术措施,包括地块选择、整地、品种选择、种植方式、密度、水分及施肥调控、病虫害防治等,以期为今后生产实践提供技术借鉴。     

蔬菜农药残留快速检测中易出现的问题与对策

介绍蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留快速检测方法的原理,指出实际检测过程巾易出现的问题,并针对这些问题提出相应的解决措施,总结出检测操作中的几点注意事项,以减小误差、避免失误,提高检测结果的可信度。     

油料作物油脂合成调控研究进展

植物油脂不仅是人类可食用油的主要来源,也是人类生产生活中重要的可再生原料.本文概述了植物油脂的生物合成途径,从母体效应、QTL、GWAS等多个方面总结了油料作物油脂合成的遗传学研究进展,同时探讨了已知的油脂合成调控相关基因的功能.本文综述了该领域的研究现状,为深入了解油料作物油脂合成调控网络提供了参考,也为油料作物的分...     

The relationship between water intake rates,paddy ponding depth,and farmers’ water management techniques

Japanese farmers manage their irrigation water based on their past experiences and preferences, considering such factors as weather and available water (hereafter defined as empirical water management). They elaborately control the intake and drainage rates of their own paddy fields to maintain optimal ponding depths. But these well-managed systems will drastically change because of the decreasing number of farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify if the optimal ponding depth will be maintained within the limits of traditionally-allowed water intake rate from the main river. The first objective of this study was the quantification of actual water use in the paddy fields, resulting from the farmers water management on the basis of their experience. The significance of the present water intake rate under empirical water management was studied for a paddy field command area of about 230 ha. Water intake rates and the water requirements of the whole area were investigated by measuring the flow rate at 17 points of irrigation and drainage canals. Characteristics of the farmers empirical water management were investigated by measuring the hourly changes in inflow and outflow rates for a sub-area using an automatic measurement system, and an inferential method of determining water management patterns for the paddy fields was proposed. The newly-proposed inferential method was introduced in the tank model, which expresses the characteristics of water management in the command area. The Shuffled Complex Evolution Algorithm (SCE-UA) method was used for optimizing the model parameters. It was proven that the model accuracy improved when the farmers empirical water management was taken into account. The optimal amount of water to be applied to the command area was quantified by the simulation. The second objective was to predict the effect of the decreasing number of farmers on future water use conditions. The simulated result indicates the difficulty of maintaining optimal ponding depth for the whole command area when the farmers empirical water management is not maintained. In other words, results indicated that efficient water use requires an automatic water management system or a new pipeline system to replace the farmers present empirical water management.     

稻田春玉米迟熟品种比较及相关性分析研究

2007年在长沙对不同植株高度的8个迟熟杂交玉米品种,进行了品种比较试验以及相关性分析。结果表明,中秆品种登海11号产量最高,达8632．5kg／hm^2,抽雄至成熟期干物质积累速率最快,为6．33g／d·株。春玉米抽雄至成熟期干物质积累速率和收获指数均与穗粒重呈显著正相关,其相关系数分别为0．7598^＊＊和0．4801^＊穗位高、株高均与穗粒重呈负相关,其相关系数分别为-0．5403,-0．3701。