猪瘟诊断方法的研究进展

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的一种急性、发热性、接触性传染病,可引起各种年龄猪发病。随着对猪瘟病毒研究的深入,猪瘟在一定程度上得到了有效控制。但是近年来,世界各国流行的猪瘟在流行病学、临床症状和病理变化等方面出现了一些新的变化,猪瘟的防控出现了许多新的情况。我国猪瘟的发病率亦呈上升趋势,严重威胁着我国养猪业的发展,给养猪业造成了极大的经济损失。因此,建立准确的实验室诊断方法,对于预防和控制猪瘟有重要意义。本文综述了猪瘟诊断技术方面的研究进展,为猪瘟的及时诊断提供参考。     

猪细小病毒检测技术研究进展

近年来,随着猪细小病毒分子生物学的研究进一步深入,各种新型疫苗的成功研制,为猪细小病毒病的防制带来希望。但目前为止猪细小病毒的检测技术以传统方法为主,大量研究发现猪细小病毒常与其他病原微生物混合感染,为了根除本病,必须提高诊断和防疫水平。文章就该病诊断方法的研究进展做一综述。     

驾驶员疲劳检测技术的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了国内外对于驾驶员疲劳状态检测技术的研究现状,并对几种具有代表性的产品进行了评述;PERCLOS是一种目前最有效的、车载、实时的驾驶疲劳测评方法;提出了驾驶疲劳状态检测研究应着重于驾驶疲劳形成机理和模型建立、疲劳状况检测及其评价方法、驾驶员疲劳报警装置的研究及应用,并实现驾驶员疲劳状态检测及预警装置商品化的研究思路。     

酿酒酵母细胞壁和细胞膜应对高渗胁迫机制研究

酿酒酵母是食品发酵最常用的菌种之一,酵母应对高渗胁迫的能力决定食品发酵的成功与否以及食品腐败的危害程度。为研究高糖压力对酿酒酵母的影响,测定了酿酒酵母在应对极端高糖压力(0.6 g/mL)时细胞壁几丁质和葡聚糖含量的变化,采用CFW染料和葡聚糖特异性降解酶对细胞壁的敏感性进行分析,并进一步通过双染料(PI和Hoechst 33342)染色对酿酒酵母细胞膜完整性进行分析,最后通过RNA测序研究了酿酒酵母在极端高糖压力下表达的全局差异基因。结果表明:高糖压力改变了酿酒酵母细胞壁和细胞膜的特性。全局转录测试结果显示,高糖压力通过下调酿酒酵母与细胞壁完整性(CWI)信号传导途径相关的基因ROM1、RLM1、PIR3、YGP1、CWP1等,进行细胞壁损伤的应激反应,高糖压力还通过下调酿酒酵母与细胞膜成分相关的基因(如PDR15和YOR1)造成了细胞膜损伤。最后,比较了酿酒酵母在不同压力因子(0.2 g/mL糖、0.4 g/mL糖、0.6 g/mL糖和柠檬醛压力)下细胞依赖RLM1调控的CWI信号传导途径的差异调节,结果发现,在CWI中起关键作用的RLM1仅在0.6 g/mL糖的极端压力下被下调。     

流体食品微波杀菌工艺试验研究

与传统的红外线杀菌、巴氏杀菌相比,微波杀菌具有能量损耗小、加热迅速且直接的特点,用于食品杀菌可以达到保持营养与风味、卫生、安全及无污染的效果.以往对食品微波杀菌的研究多集中于固体或半固体食品,而对鲜奶等液态食品的连续流动杀菌的研究较少.为此,通过设计的流体食品微波杀菌试验装置,以水为试验介质,以微波功率为试验参数,以杀菌过程中的温升和流量为试验指标,得到微波杀菌参数之间的相互影响规律以及在给定流量下微波功率的大致变化范围,为液态食品连续流动杀菌设备的进一步开发研究提供了一定的理论依据.     

5100QB柴油机振动测试与分析

针对云内5100QB柴油机装车后在高速行驶工况易出现离合器壳断裂现象,通过各试验工况下的多测点测试及幅值谱的振动分析,分析5100QB柴油机自身的振动力源及导致离合器壳开裂的主要原因。     

中药植物川牛膝基因组从头测序及分析

川牛膝是我国重要大宗药材,但近年来品质退化严重,品种真伪混杂。为深入研究川牛膝有效成分积累的分子基础,采用第二代测序技术利用Illumina Hi-seq 2000测序平台对川牛膝进行全基因组测序,使用AByss进行初步组装,得到一个包含大量基因组序列信息的数据集,并对其进行重复序列及编码序列注释。在该测序结果基础上,初步预测得到川牛膝体内甾体合成途径,并对鉴定川牛膝真伪的SCAR分子标记进行了初步定位,为研究川牛膝主要有效成分杯苋甾酮的合成途径,改良川牛膝品质提供了基础。     

Identification,characterization and full-length sequence analysis of a novel endornavirus in common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

To identify the possible quarantine viruses in seven common sunflower varieties imported from the United States of America and the Netherlands, we tested total RNAs extracted from the leaf tissues using next-generation sequencing of small RNAs. After analysis of small RNA sequencing data, no any quarantine virus was found, but a double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) molecule showing typical genomic features of endornavirus was detected in two varieties, X3939 and SH1108. Full-length sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that it is a novel endornavirus, temporarily named as Helianthus annuus alphaendornavirus(HaEV). Its full genome corresponds to a 14 662-bp dsRNA segment, including a 21-nt 5′ untranslated region(UTR), 3' UTR ending with the unique sequence CCCCCCCC and lacking a poly(A) tail. An open reading frame(ORF) that encodes a deduced 4 867 amino acids(aa) polyprotein with three domains: RdRP, Hel and UGT(UDP-glycosyltransferase). HaEV mainly distributed in the cytoplasm but less in the nucleus of leaf cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) experiment. This virus has a high seed infection rate in the five varieties, X3907, X3939, A231, SH1108 and SR1320. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the virus of the family Endornaviridae in the common sunflower.     

Restoration of Gypsicolous Vegetation on Quarry Slopes: Guidance for Hydroseeding under Contrasting Inclination and Aspect

The establishment of gypsicolous vegetation of high conservation value on land impacted by quarrying requires restoration measures to overcome constraints imposed by the new landforms created in the process. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of three standard hydroseeding methods to restore gypsicolous vegetation on quarry spoil slopes under a dry Mediterranean climate. The treatments were as follows: paper cellulose mulch, paper cellulose mulch + organic blanket, and wood fibre mulch, compared against a control. These treatments were tested on two slopes (10–15% vs 60–65%) and two contrasting aspects (north vs south). We evaluated the cover of all plant species 2·8 years after treatment, assessing both target gypsicolous species and non‐target species. Our results showed strong compositional and cover differences between hydroseeded and control plots. Control plots had a low cover of target species with a vegetation composed of early‐successional species that had the potential to hinder target species establishment over time. All hydroseeding treatments improved target vegetation cover, with wood fibre performing best in most situations studied here, alternatives being the cheaper but less effective paper mulch on shallow slopes, or the more expensive paper mulch + blanket on steep slopes in case of high erosion risk. Shallow and southern‐steep slopes were more suitable for the recovery of gypsum vegetation by hydroseeding, compared to northern‐steep slopes where non‐target species developed more readily outcompeting target species. These results will help to guide management decisions to restore gypsicolous vegetation by hydroseeding in disturbed gypsum habitats. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Classification of pedogenic cementation in Podzols by pocket penetrometry

According to the German Soil Taxonomy, the formation of cemented horizons in Podzols is restricted to the precipitation of iron oxides. However, in iron‐poor sandy substrates, also illuviation of only organic compounds can form cemented horizons with penetration resistances of up to 14 kg cm⁻². We present a reproducible field test for classifying pedogenic cementation in Podzols and suggest considering cemented horizons (Bmh and Bhm) in the upcoming edition of the Guidelines for Soil Mapping.