全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3505篇 |
免费 | 248篇 |
国内免费 | 167篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 745篇 |
农学 | 139篇 |
基础科学 | 45篇 |
1303篇 | |
综合类 | 836篇 |
农作物 | 55篇 |
水产渔业 | 215篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 308篇 |
园艺 | 172篇 |
植物保护 | 102篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 22篇 |
2023年 | 87篇 |
2022年 | 106篇 |
2021年 | 105篇 |
2020年 | 111篇 |
2019年 | 146篇 |
2018年 | 84篇 |
2017年 | 135篇 |
2016年 | 154篇 |
2015年 | 117篇 |
2014年 | 149篇 |
2013年 | 177篇 |
2012年 | 201篇 |
2011年 | 291篇 |
2010年 | 248篇 |
2009年 | 320篇 |
2008年 | 266篇 |
2007年 | 239篇 |
2006年 | 217篇 |
2005年 | 199篇 |
2004年 | 160篇 |
2003年 | 103篇 |
2002年 | 93篇 |
2001年 | 30篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3920条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
51.
Spatial and temporal landscape patterns have long been recognized to influence biological processes, but these processes often
operate at scales that are difficult to study by conventional means. Inferences from genetic markers can overcome some of
these limitations. We used a landscape genetics approach to test hypotheses concerning landscape processes influencing the
demography of Lahontan cutthroat trout in a complex stream network in the Great Basin desert of the western US. Predictions
were tested with population- and individual-based analyses of microsatellite DNA variation, reflecting patterns of dispersal,
population stability, and local effective population sizes. Complementary genetic inferences suggested samples from migratory
corridors housed a mixture of fish from tributaries, as predicted based on assumed migratory life histories in those habitats.
Also as predicted, populations presumed to have greater proportions of migratory fish or from physically connected, large,
or high quality habitats had higher genetic variability and reduced genetic differentiation from other populations. Populations
thought to contain largely non-migratory individuals generally showed the opposite pattern, suggesting behavioral isolation.
Estimated effective sizes were small, and we identified significant and severe genetic bottlenecks in several populations
that were isolated, recently founded, or that inhabit streams that desiccate frequently. Overall, this work suggested that
Lahontan cutthroat trout populations in stream networks are affected by a combination of landscape and metapopulation processes.
Results also demonstrated that genetic patterns can reveal unexpected processes, even within a system that is well studied
from a conventional ecological perspective. 相似文献
52.
Esteban R. Suárez Geraldine L. Tierney Timothy J. Fahey Robert Fahey 《Landscape Ecology》2006,21(2):297-306
Exotic earthworms invading forests in Canada and northeastern United States that were naturally devoid of large detritivores
cause major changes in ecosystem function. To assess their long-term impacts, studies are needed to elucidate the factors
that control the patterns of earthworm invasion at the landscape level. We analyzed the distribution patterns of exotic earthworms
in a northern hardwood forest in south-central New York (USA), as explained by landscape variables thought to be important
in determining earthworm distribution. Forest type, slope angle, elevation, and the distance to agricultural clearings and
wet refugia were significant predictors of earthworm presence, whereas local wetness index and the distance to streams and
roads were not. Forest type and distance to agricultural clearings were the two most significant predictors. Our data suggest
that areas close to agricultural clearings, dominated by mixed hardwoods, and located towards valley bottoms or on gentle
slopes are very likely to support communities of exotic earthworms. Steeper slopes, areas dominated by American beech or eastern
hemlock, and locations in the core of extensive forest landscapes have lower probabilities of invasion by exotic earthworms.
When applied to a nearby area, our statistical model correctly predicted earthworm presence for 67% of 377 sampling points.
Most of the mistakes were incorrect predictions of earthworm absence, suggesting that our statistical model slightly underestimated
earthworm presence, possibly because of the pervasive influence of active agricultural fields adjacent to the test site. 相似文献
53.
Identification of functional corridors with movement characteristics of brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula,Alaska 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Tabitha A. Graves Sean Farley Michael I. Goldstein Christopher Servheen 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(5):765-772
We identified primary habitat and functional corridors across a landscape using Global Positioning System (GPS) collar locations
of brown bears (Ursus arctos). After deriving density, speed, and angular deviation of movement, we classified landscape function for a group of animals
with a cluster analysis. We described areas with high amounts of sinuous movement as primary habitat patches and areas with
high amounts of very directional, fast movement as highly functional bear corridors. The time between bear locations and scale
of analysis influenced the number and size of corridors identified. Bear locations should be collected at intervals ≤6 h to
correctly identify travel corridors. Our corridor identification technique will help managers move beyond the theoretical
discussion of corridors and linkage zones to active management of landscape features that will preserve connectivity. 相似文献
54.
Are hedgerows effective corridors between fragments of woodland habitat? An evidence-based approach 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Anthropogenic modification of the countryside has resulted in much of the landscape consisting of fragments of once continuous
habitat. Increasing habitat connectivity at the landscape-scale has a vital role to play in the conservation of species restricted
to such remnant patches, especially as species may attempt to track zones of habitat that satisfy their niche requirements
as the climate changes. Conservation policies and management strategies frequently advocate corridor creation as one approach
to restore connectivity and to facilitate species movements through the landscape. Here we examine the utility of hedgerows
as corridors between woodland habitat patches using rigorous systematic review methodology. Systematic searching yielded 26
studies which satisfied the review inclusion criteria. The empirical evidence currently available is insufficient to evaluate
the effectiveness of hedgerow corridors as a conservation tool to promote the population viability of woodland fauna. However,
the studies did provide anecdotal evidence of positive local population effects and indicated that some species use hedgerows
as movement conduits. More replicated and controlled field investigations or long-term monitoring are required in order to
allow practitioners and policy makers to make better informed decisions about hedgerow corridor creation and preservation.
The benefits of such corridors in regard to increasing habitat connectivity remain equivocal, and the role of corridors in
mitigating the effects of climate change at the landscape-scale is even less well understood. 相似文献
55.
While several studies have demonstrated that roads can act as barriers to small mammal movement, the relationship between
road density and small mammal abundance has not yet been investigated. In southeastern Ontario, Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mice) suffer high over-winter mortality rates, resulting in small springtime populations and frequent local
extinctions. Peromyscus leucopus movement is known to be inhibited by roads, which should result in lower rates of immigration into and recolonization of
habitats in landscapes with high road density. We tested two predictions: (1) Forest sites situated in landscapes with high
road densities have a higher chance of P. leucopus being absent during the early spring than forest sites situated in landscapes with low road densities and (2) P. leucopus populations during the summer are smaller in forest sites situated in landscapes with high road densities than in landscapes
with low road densities. We sampled P. leucopus in focal patches within nineteen landscapes (7 rural, low-road-density landscapes; 7 rural, high-road-density landscapes;
5 urban landscapes). There was no significant relationship between road density and the presence/absence of P. leucopus during the early spring. We found a significant positive effect of road density on P. leucopus relative abundance during the summer, even when we excluded the urban landscapes and based the analysis on only the 14 rural
landscapes. Our results suggest that any negative effect of roads on P. leucopus populations, created by their inhibition to moving across roads, is far outweighed by some positive effect of roads on P. leucopus abundance. We suggest that the two most likely explanations are that roads are positively correlated with an important as-yet-undetermined
component of habitat quality, or that roads positively affect P. leucopus by negatively affecting their predators. 相似文献
56.
在广泛查阅前人工作的基础上, 发现到目前为止, 对干旱河谷生态方面的研究主要集中在成土特征和土壤养分水分分布特征、植被状况及生态恢复上.认为干旱河谷生态研究的进一步工作应该注重人为因素的研究, 对干旱河谷区人口与生态环境间不协调的方面进行干预, 以实现该区域人口与生态环境的良性互动;加强景观生态学研究和多尺度集成, 利用景观生态学原理、方法来探讨干旱河谷景观结构和功能的相应变化, 寻求维持区域生态安全的关键机制. 相似文献
57.
罗布泊南部野双峰驼的分布与环境 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在1995-1996年两年调查的基础上,我们又利用家驼队深入荒漠腹地,考察了罗布泊南部野双峰驼的分布和栖息环境,结果表明在罗布泊南部的湖岸区,阿尔金山北麓及山前丘陵地带均有野驼分布,库姆塔沙漠中部无野驼进入,但其西侧戈壁及丘间谷地为野驼南北迁徒的通道,冬季野驼主要集中活动在科什兰孜等罗布泊南岸及阿奇克谷地;夏季主要在山区北麓活动,所以应将该区域与上述分布区同归于一个分布区整体,即南北配置的景观复合 相似文献
58.
Arthur E. L. Morris Lance R. Williams P. Charles Goebel Eugene C. Braig IV 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(4):597-608
Wood in streams functions as fish habitat, but relationships between fish abundance (or size) and large wood in streams are not consistent. One possible reason for variable relationships between fish and wood in streams is that the association of fish with wood habitat may depend on ecological context such as large‐scale geomorphology. We studied the relationship between salmonid assemblages and large wood jams (LWJ) in four settings that differed geomorphically at the scale of the stream corridor along a tributary to Lake Superior in old‐growth conifer–hardwood forest in northern Michigan. The focal fish species of this study were brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), which were wild in the stream. Relocation efforts for coaster brook trout (an adfluvial life history variant of brook trout) were ongoing in the study stream. We measured fish abundance and length in pairs of pools of similar size and substrate, but varying in the presence of LWJ; this allowed us to evaluate associations of fish simply with the presence of LWJ rather than with other channel or flow‐shaping functions of LWJ. The length of Oncorhynchus spp. and young introduced brook trout was not strongly correlated with LWJ presence; however, the presence of LWJ in pools was positively correlated with larger wild brook trout. We also found that the correspondence of LWJ with the abundance of salmonids appears to be moderated by the presence of alternative habitat in this relatively natural, old‐growth forest stream. 相似文献
59.
北洛河流域自实行退耕还林政策以来取得了显著成效,但是实践证明植被恢复不是简单的种树种草,必须要根据生态学原则合理种植,既要有技术支撑,还必须考虑到退耕后农民的生存问题,也就是粮食与能源的问题,并要保证农民有一定的经济收入,最后指出要解决好以上问题,必须靠国家政策的支撑。 相似文献
60.
本文从人与自然和谐共处、可持续发展的角度出发,以生态学理论框架为依托,系统地总结了在城市园林建设中生态学理念的渗透及运用,为城市生态园林设计提供了理论指导和设计参考,同时得出我国生态园林的下一步工作重点要放在恢复生态学的应用上,并且要实现现代城市生态园林的建设要多学科、多角度共同协作的结论。 相似文献