胡麻测土施用氮肥的研究

通过相关性研究和校验试验表明,内蒙西部平原地区冲积土有效氮的测定,采用1.8N NaoH水解氮的方法是较好的。通过校验试验确定了土壤的肥力指标。根据土壤碱解氮测定值即可获得胡麻氮肥的建议施肥量。     

基于江苏茶园施肥及空间分布特性分析江苏茶园可持续发展

【目的】茶树是一种多年生作物,现已成为我国乡村致富的重要产业,为了掌握江苏茶园土壤养分现状及施肥方式对茶园养分环境的影响分析。【方法】通过对江苏省主产茶128个茶园施肥方式进行调研,测定其有机质、pH值、碱解氮、速效磷、全钾以及钙、镁等微量元素及部分重金属物质含量,同时对经纬度和不同茶园营养元素之间的相关性进行分析。【结果】江苏茶园pH值介于3.82～6.14之间,有机质含量介于11.10～29.4g/kg之间,碱解氮含量介于42.23～119.45mg/kg之间;速效磷含量介于13.75～289.71mg/kg之间;全钾含量介于53.61～79.35g/kg之间;有机质含量与取样点经纬度均存在显著相关关系(相关系数分别为0.7430和-6910),同时土壤全钾含量与取样点经度均存在显著负相关关系(r=-0.820),与取样点纬度存在显著正相关关系(r=0.6992),有机质含量与碱解氮和速效磷含量显著正相关(r=0.8319和r=0.6681),与速效钾含量间存在显著负相关关系(r=-0.9093);土壤pH值和镍元素之间存在极显著正相关关系(r=0.9049)。【结论】尿素的大量施用是导致江苏茶园土壤酸化严重的重要原因,总体而言,江苏茶园土壤总体肥力较好,部分茶园存在酸化现象,茶园有机质含量越高,碱解氮和有效磷含量越高,有效钾含量越低。施肥习惯应结合有机肥(菜籽饼)与尿素相结合的方式,并注意土壤改良剂的应用和尿素的施用,更有利于茶园营养物质的可持续利用和高质量发展。     

Prematurational Culture with 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine Synchronizes Meiotic Progression of the Germinal Vesicle Stage and Improves Nuclear Maturation and Embryonic Development in In Vitro-grown Bovine Oocytes

The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of prematurational culture (pre-IVM) supplemented with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of in vitro-grown bovine oocytes. In experiment 1, oocytes (95 μm in diameter) derived from early antral follicles (0.5–1 mm in diameter) were cultured for 12 days for in vitro growth (IVG). IVG oocytes with a normal appearance were subjected to examinations of diameter and chromatin structure in the germinal vesicle (GV) before IVM. In addition, percentages of metaphase II (M II) were examined after IVM. Regardless of pre-IVM, the mean diameters of IVG oocytes were about 115 μm. The proportions of GV3 (50.0%) and M II stages (80.1%) of IVG oocytes with pre-IVM were higher than those without pre-IVM (28.0 and 49.4%, respectively). In experiment 2, the fertilizability and developmental competence of IVG oocytes were examined. Regardless of pre-IVM, the normal fertilization rates of IVG oocytes were similar (around 70%) but were lower than that of in vivo-grown oocytes (88.0%). Cleavage and blastocyst rates of IVG oocytes with pre-IVM (63.0 and 26.1%, respectively) were higher than those without pre-IVM (45.8 and 12.7%, respectively). The blastocyst rate based on cleaved IVG oocytes with pre-IVM (41.7%) was similar to that of in vivo-grown oocytes (48.7%), although the cleavage rate of IVG oocytes with pre-IVM was lower than that of in vivo-grown oocytes. In conclusion, pre-IVM with IBMX improved the maturational and developmental competences of IVG oocytes, probably due to promotion of their chromatin transition and synchronization of meiotic progression.     

徐家河水库施肥养银鱼可行性探讨

从理论上，从水库的自然条件及施肥养鱼的经济效益等方面进行分析，探讨了在贫营养型水体徐家河水库内施肥养银鱼（Ｎｅｏｓａｌａｎｘ）的可行性。     

河蟹开口饵料———单胞藻的定向培育试验

试验在沿海混盐水池塘中施入不同品种和不同比例的肥料(有机肥和无机肥)，研究施肥对浮游植物种群增长的影响，并分析了在混盐水池塘中影响施肥效果的几种可能因素。试验结果表明：在混盐水中施肥可以达到定向培育浮游植物的目的，浮游植物的生物量在施肥后4～5d进入指数增长期，7～8d达到高峰期。单施氮肥和施氮磷混合肥对生物量并没有太大影响，最高生物量可达280mg／L以上，同时种类趋于单一化，完全可以满足河蟹育苗生产中河蟹幼体对开口饵料的需要。     

Effects of N and K fertilizers on durum wheat quality in different environments

Eight genotypes from two different genetic pools (high yielding varieties and landraces) were assessed for grain yield (GY) and for five quality traits: protein content (P), thousand kernel weight (TKW), yellow berry (YB), gluten content (G_c) and gluten index (G_i) in sub-humid and semi-arid areas using four combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers during two cropping seasons. Genotype × Environment × Fertilizers (G × E × F) was significant only for protein content (p < 0.05); and E × F was found significant (p < 0.05) for all parameters. Greater quality related traits expression was noted in the semi-arid areas for both genetic pools. Excessive rainfall in semi-arid areas resulted in gluten elasticity reduction. N-fertilizers seemed to enhance protein content and to reduce thousand kernel weight. K-fertilizer, might enhance the increase in both proteins and thousand kernel weight in favorable growing conditions of water availability. Semolina yielding ability was higher in landraces as compared to high yielding varieties particularly using recommended fertilizer management. This group of cultivars showed superiority over high yielding cultivars for quantitative quality parameters.     

冷水江玉米高产施肥模式探索

以科玉3号为材料,运用“3415”（三因素四水平15个处理）试验方案进行玉米肥料效应试验,通过对试验数据进行回归分析,发现玉米产量与氮、磷、钾施用量之间有显著的相关性,经三元回归分析得出每公顷氮磷钾最大施肥量为N 238.31 kg,P 110.47 kg,K 106.46 kg,最佳效益施肥量为N184.06 kg,P 83.94 kg,K 79.72 kg,而一元回归得出的每公顷氮磷钾最大施肥量为N 187.921 kg,P 80.92 kg,K 77.03kg,最佳施肥量为N 169.79 kg,P 72.72 kg,K69.82 kg。从数据来看,采用一元二次回归得出的最大和最佳施肥量更接近试验施肥方案。     

不同肥料运筹对稻田套播油菜生长发育及产量的影响

为给稻田套播油菜高产高效栽培提供配套简化配方施肥技术,于2012～2014年在江西进行大田试验,以常规施肥为对照,采用配方施肥、控氮配方施肥处理,研究不同施肥技术对稻田套播油菜生长发育、主要经济性状、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明：配方施肥和控氮配方施肥对套播油菜个体生长、经济性状、产量及构成、经济效应有较大影响,各方面指标普遍优于传统农民习惯施肥。从实际出发,配方施肥技术可在套播油菜中推广应用。     

种肥深度对东北北部春玉米氮磷钾吸收及产量的影响

以东农253玉米品种为材料,采用分层施肥方法,研究种肥深度变化对东北北部春玉米氮磷钾吸收及产量的影响。结果表明,种肥深度对玉米植株氮磷钾积累量影响较大,在苗期氮磷钾积累量以种肥同层（D₀）和种下6 cm（D_-6）处理较高;成熟期以种肥同层（D₀）、种下6 cm（D_-6）、种下12 cm（D_-12）处理较高。玉米植株干物质量及产量与种肥深度呈单峰曲线变化趋势,玉米植株苗期和成熟期干物质量以种下6 cm（D_-6）和种下12 cm（D_-12）处理较高;玉米产量以种下12 cm（D_-12）处理最高,但与种肥同层（D₀）、种下6 cm（D_-6）处理差异不显著,显著高于种下18 cm（D_-18）、种下24 cm（D_-24）和不施肥（对照）。种子与肥料同层条件下会影响玉米的出苗和干物质积累量,种肥施于种下3 cm以上时,对玉米出苗及干物质积累量无明显影响,种肥的适宜深度为种下3~12 cm。     

白城地区主推谷子品种“金谷2号”肥料试验研究

为进一步完善白城地区主推品种“金谷2号”高产高效栽培技术,2012年吉林市农业科学院在吉林省洮北区洮河镇两家子村开展了该品种“3414”肥料试验研究,试验采用“3414”回归设计,确定最佳氮、磷、钾施肥配比,为指导当地谷子生产提供科学依据。结果表明：金谷2号的最佳施肥配比为667m。施纯氮10．22kg,纯磷l1．99kg,纯钾4．44kg。