应用电镜技术对狂犬病毒ERA株污染鼠痘病毒的检出

狂犬病毒ERA株BHK21细胞上增殖并用电镜技术跟踪观察。结果发现除了有少量的目的毒外，还混有大量的痘病毒，经鼠痘酶标抗体检测试剂盒检测为鼠痘病毒。该病毒很可能是来自做复壮狂犬病毒ERA株毒力试验的小白鼠。     

广西水牛类圆线虫病的病原体形态

类圆线虫病是广西水牛的常见寄生虫病之一,本文作者通过光镜观察,我们确认广西水牛类圆线虫病的病原体即为乳突类圆线虫。本文首次记述该虫种第四期幼虫的形态。在扫描电镜下,虫卵表面光滑,近似椭圆形。丝状蚴头端钝圆,口孔裂隙状,左右为2唇片,每唇片似分3小叶;体表两侧自劲部开始,各有2条纵嵴,延续至尾端,称为双翼膜(double alae),这是该期虫体独有的构造;丝状蚴尾端分叉。自由生活成虫具6片唇,各唇上有1个唇乳突;口孔内沿有一排锥状齿,共9枚;头端两侧各具1个半球形的头感器;头端背腹面的两侧各具1个头乳突,共4个,锥形。自由生活雄虫的泄殖腔处明显地突出于虫体表面,其周围有7对性乳突。自由生活雌虫的阴门横裂,肛门呈半月形。寄生生活雌虫头端截平,4个唇片由口缘伸向口孔,唇片近口孔中央向上翻卷,唇片上各有1个唇乳突;口孔呈倾斜(45°)的马耳他“十”字形;头感器1对,头乳突4个;阴门横裂,阴门部有1对阴侧感觉窝和1对阴后乳突;肛门横裂,突起;尾部自肛门后突然收缩,呈指状。在宿主体内未见到寄生生活雄虫。     

The elimination of potato viruses X,Y, S and M in meristem and explant cultures of potato in the presence of Virazole

Summary Incorporation of Virazole into potato explant and meristem culture media results in a higher percentage of virus-free progeny plants from virus-infected explant and meristem donor plants than are produced in tissue cultures in the absence of Virazole. Viruses eliminated, singly and as complexes, include potato viruses X, Y, S and M. The need for sensitive virus tests to distinguish between virus suppression and elimination is discussed and protein-A-linked immunoelectron microscopy is described and quantified for potato virus X.

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Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden und einer früheren Arbeit (Cassells & Long, 1980) zeigte Kultivierung von Explantaten auf einem Medium für Gewebekultur mit Virazole (Ribavirin) einen signifikanten Anstieg virusfreier Adventivschosse gegenüber der Kontrolle. Diese Adventivschosse wie auch Kartoffelpflanzen zweiter Generation verhielten sich auch gegenüber den empfindlichsten immunoelektronen-mikroskopischen Tests virusfrei. In Gegenwart von Virazol ergab auch Meristemkultur einen h?heren Anteil virusfreier Pflanzen als bei Fehlen dieser Verbindung. Die Kartoffelviren X, Y, M und S sowie Viruskomplexe konnten aus den Sorten May Queen, King Edward, Kerr's Pink und Golden Wonder eliminiert werden (Tabellen 2 und 3). Die Ergebnisse der Anwendung und der Quantifizierung der Protein A-gebundenen Immuno-Elektronenmikroskopie (PALIEM) werden ebenfalls dargestellt (Abb. 1).

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Résumé Cette étude a montré, comme d'autres travaux préliminaires (Cassels & Long, 1980), que le fait de cultiver des boutures sur un milieu de culture de tissus contenant du virazole (ribavirine) permettait d'augmenter de fa?on significative le nombre de tiges aventices indemmes de virus par rapport au témoin. Ces tiges adventices, dans le cas de plants de deuxième génération, sont apparues indemmes de virus par l'analyse des tests les plus sensibles de microscopie immuno-électronique. En présence du virazole, la culture de méristèmes montre également un taux plus élevé de plants indemmes de virus que sans l'application de virazole. Les virus concernés sont les virus X, Y, M, S ainsi, que les complexes viraux, provenant des variétés May Queen, King Edward, Kerr's Pink et Golden Wonder (tableau 2 et 3). Sont également indiqués les résultats qualificatifs et quantitatifs de la microcopie immunoélectronique avec utilisation de la protéine A (PALIEM) (figure 1).

     

海南香蕉花叶病病毒分离物的研究

对海南产区感染花叶病的香蕉病株进行生物学分离获得一种直径为28—30nm的球形病毒分离物,该分离物汁液接种可引起香蕉花叶症状,并侵染一些黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的诊断寄主植物,提纯病毒外壳蛋白由一种分子量约为3.2×10~6道尔顿的亚基构成,琼脂免疫双扩散试验表明,该病毒分离物和CMV有血清学关系,根据这些性质该病毒分离物被鉴定为黄瓜花叶病毒。     

鲤鳃的组织学观察

应用光镜和电镜技术对鲤鳃进行了形态结构观察.结果表明,鲤鳃内有呼吸上皮、支持细胞、粘液细胞、泌氯细胞和蛋白腺细胞.本文除对上述细胞详细描述外,还对其结构特点与功能的关系进行了探讨.     

成年母鸡松果腺组织结构的研究

用透射与扫描电镜和荧光显微镜对25只成年母鸡的松果腺进行了系统观察。松果腺主要由松果体细胞组成,其间夹杂有少量胶质细胞。松果体细胞的核呈圆形或椭圆形,而胶质细胞的核多呈不规则形。松果体细胞具有突起,线粒体丰富,高尔基复合体发达,胞质中散布有核糖体,并见有粗面和滑面内质网、微管、溶酶体、脂滴以及少量致密核芯小体和板层小体。胶质细胞的结构特征为胞质中含有微丝。毛细血管内皮不含窗孔。本研究结果表明,鸡松果体细胞具有内分泌细胞的结构特征,因而认为鸡的松果腺是一个内分泌腺。     

The gastrointestinal mucosa in young milk-fed calves. A scanning electron and light microscopic investigation

Gastrointestinal segments from 4 healthy, 17-, 21-, 22- and 23-day-old calves fed on whole cow’s milk were examined. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the anterior duodenum had short villi varying in shape from leaf-shaped to nodular; the middle duodenum had broad, tongue-shaped villi and the anterior, middle, and parts of the posterior jejunum had slender, finger-shaped or leaf-shaped villi. The villi of the mucosa covering Peyer’s patches in the posterior jejunum were short and either conical or tongue-shaped; there were also small “pseudovilli” caused by bulges in the lymphoid tissue. Morphometry showed that the villi were longer in the anterior jejunum than in the duodenum and the posterior parts of the jejunum (P < 0.005). Morphologically fat absorption was most heavy in the anterior third of the small intestine. Moderate amounts of fat were also found in the epithelium of the posterior jejunum and of the abomasum. Large fat droplets were seen in apical duodenal enterocytes, in contrast to the small epithelial droplets in other areas with fat absorption. Nile blue staining indicated that the fat in the large droplets was esterified.     

Further data to the aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

Out of a total of 224 bovine eye secretions, 126 Moraxella bovis and 64 Neisseria ovis strains were isolated. The pathogenesis and histological lesions caused by Neisseria ovis have been studied on the eyes of three calves naturally affected with IBK, using electron microscopy.

Neisseria ovis caused in 1–12 weeks old calves acute, transient and mostly benign serous conjunctivitis with only slight affection of the cornea. More rarely erosions and even ulceration of the cornea have been observed.

Moraxella bovis and Neisseria ovis strains proved nearly unanimously sensitive in vitro to chloramphenicol, neomycin, oxytetracyclin, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin and cefoperazone. Other antibiotics and chemotherapeutics inhibited the growth of these agents only partly or were ineffective.

Experimental therapy has been carried out using a single i.m. injection of Terramycin/LA inj. (Pfizer) in a dose of 20 mg/kg body mass, repeated if necessary after 72–96 h. This formulation proved more effective and practical than treatments used earlier.     

Hydrogen peroxide localization and antioxidant status in the recovery of apricot plants from European Stone Fruit Yellows

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) localization and roles of peroxidases, malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were compared in leaves of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) plants asymptomatic, European Stone Fruits Yellows (ESFY)-symptomatic and recovered. Nested PCR analysis revealed that Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum, is present in asymptomatic, symptomatic and recovered apricot trees, confirming previous observations on this species, in which recovery does not seem to be related to the disappearance of phytoplasma from the plant.H₂O₂was detected cytochemically by its reaction with cerium chloride, which produces electron-dense deposits of cerium perhydroxides. H₂O₂was present in the plasmalemma of the phloem cells of recovered apricot plant leaves, but not in the asymptomatic or symptomatic material. Furthermore, by labelling apricot leaf tissues with diaminobenzidine DAB, no differences were found in the localization of peroxidases.Protein content in asymptomatic, symptomatic and recovered leaves was not significantly different from one another. In contrast, guaiacol peroxidase activity had the following trend: symptomatic > recovered > asymptomatic, whereas reduced glutathione content followed the opposite trend: asymptomatic > recovered > symptomatic. Moreover, no differences were observed in malondialdehyde concentrations between asymptomatic, symptomatic and recovered leaves. The overall results suggest that H₂O₂ and related metabolites and enzymes appear to be involved in lessening both pathogen virulence and disease symptom expression in ESFY-infected apricot plants.