L9（3^4）正交设计绵羊裸头科绦虫病分布规律的Fuzzy分析

本文是利用Fuzzy分析法对1982～1984年作者在新疆奎屯垦区四个团场用L_9(3~4)正交表安排的绵羊裸头科绦虫感染分布调查结果进行分析。结果表明裸头科绦虫对垦区绵羊感染分布影响因素大小为绦虫种类>放牧类型>绵羊类别,并分别以无卵黄腺绦虫、山区放牧、羔羊水平组为最高。     

SFC图转换成梯形图的方法探讨

顺序功能图（Sequential Function Chart）是PLC程序设计语言之一，简称为SFC图。由于其具有结构清晰、直观简便、易于阅读和维护等特点，在工业顺序控制场合中被广泛应用。通过实例介绍了SFC图转换成梯形图的方法，首先分配存储器地址，然后确定转移条件，最后转换工作步和输出动作。     

正交试验法在龙眼和荔枝组织培养中的应用

利用正交设计试验法研究了椰乳（ＣＭ）、２，４－Ｄ、赤霉素（ＧＡ３）和蔗糖等四个因素及其组合对石硖龙眼和桂味荔枝的幼胚愈伤组织产生的影响，并讨论了正交设计试验法应用于龙眼和荔枝组织培养培养基筛选的可能性。结果表明：１）对龙眼，诱导愈伤组织的最优组合是 ＣＭ １０％、２，４－Ｄ１．０ｍｇ·１－１、ＧＡ３０ｍｇ·１－１和蔗糖３％；对荔枝，最优组合是ＣＭ０％，２，４－Ｄ１．０ｍｇ·１－１，ＧＡ３０ｍｇ·１－１和蔗糖 ５％。 ２）适当的 ２，４－Ｄ浓度（１．０ ｍｇ·１－１）可提高愈伤组织的产量；３）ＧＡ３抑制了龙眼和荔枝的愈伤组织的产生；４）不同树种的胚需要不同的糖浓度；５）适当ＣＭ浓度（１０％）可提高龙眼愈伤组织的产量，而荔枝愈伤组织的产生并不需要ＣＭ。     

白灵菇液体培养工艺研究

研究通过各种试验方法确定出白灵菇液体培养最适的碳源、氮源和培养条件,为白灵菇菌种的液体培养提供科学依据.     

香菇SSR-PCR技术体系的建立及其在遗传多样性分析中的初步应用

摘 要: 利用ISSR-抑制PCR法结合Primer 3软件开发香菇特异性的SSR引物,并采用L16（45）正交试验设计,对影响香菇SSR-PCR的主要因素进行了优化筛选，建立了最佳的SSR-PCR反应体系。在20μl反应体系中，包含1.5mmol/L Mg2+，75ng模板DNA，0.25mmol/L dNTPs，0.50μmol/L引物及1.5U Taq酶。梯度PCR试验筛选得到相应引物的最佳退火温度为62℃。以该体系为基础，应用5对引物扩增8个香菇菌株的基因组DNA，均能获得理想结果，聚类分析结果能较好地反映供试菌株的地理来源关系。以0.5 的相似性为分割点，8个菌株可分成2大类群。类群Ⅰ主要由北方菌株组成，类群Ⅱ由南方菌株组成。     

Prediction of the buckling stress of intermediate wooden columns using the secant modulus

We made several buckling tests of wooden columns with intermediate slenderness ratios () and examined the empirical formulas. On the basis of the examination, we formulated an equation for predicting the buckling stress () of an intermediate wooden column. Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) and buna (Japanese beech, Fagus crenata BI.) were used for the studies. A compressive load was applied on the specimen supported with pin ends, and the buckling stress was predicted by the tangent modulus theory and two empirical equations: those of Tetmajer and Newlin-Gahagan. The predicted - relations were compared with the test results, and the applicability of these predictions were examined. Based on the comparisons, we formulated an equation that can predict the - relations of materials with various stress-strain characters in the plastic strain range.     

Annualized diameter and height growth equations for Pacific Northwest plantation-grown Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and red alder

Simulating the influence of intensive management and annual weather fluctuations on tree growth requires a shorter time step than currently employed by most regional growth models. High-quality data sets are available for several plantation species in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, but the growth periods ranged from 2 to 12 years in length. Measurement periods of varying length complicate efforts to fit growth models because observed growth rates must be interpolated to a common length growth period or those growth periods longer or shorter than the desired model time step must be discarded. A variation of the iterative technique suggested by Cao [Cao, Q.V., 2000. Prediction of annual diameter growth and survival for individual trees from periodic measurements. Forest Sci. 46, 127–131] was applied to estimate annualized diameter and height growth equations for pure plantations of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and red alder. Using this technique, fits were significantly improved for all three species by embedding a multi-level nonlinear mixed-effects framework (likelihood ratio test: p < 0.0001). The final models were consistent with expected biological behavior of diameter and height growth over tree, stand, and site variables. The random effects showed some correlation with key physiographic variables such as slope and aspect for Douglas-fir and red alder, but these relationships were not observed for western hemlock. Further, the random effects were more correlated with physiographic variables than actual climate or soils information. Long-term simulations (12–16 years) on an independent dataset using these annualized equations showed that the multi-level mixed effects models were more accurate and precise than those fitted without random effects as mean square error (MSE) was reduced by 13 and 21% for diameter and height growth prediction, respectively. The level of prediction error was also smaller than an existing similar growth model with a longer time step (ORGANON v8) as the annualized equations reduced MSE by 17 and 38% for diameter and height growth prediction, respectively. These models will prove to be quite useful for understanding the interaction of weather and silviculture in the Pacific Northwest and refining the precision of future growth model projections.     

正交设计法研究花锚药效成份的优化提取工艺

运用正交设计法研究了椭叶花锚中总黄酮的提取工艺,通过实验确定出了最佳的提取工艺条件。     

城市林业概述与发展趋势

随着社会经济的快速发展和城市化进程的加快,城市环境问题日益成为社会各界和学术界关注的焦点,城市林业在城市建设与发展中的地位和作用越来越受到重视。介绍城市林业的基本概念和内涵,比较城市林业与传统林业在属性、经营管理和功能方面的差别。借助已有的研究数据和成果,阐述城市林业在城市发展中的作用及其能解决的问题。针对城市林业发展的现状和存在的问题,提出现代城市林业面临的机遇和挑战以及未来发展趋势。