基于ERT技术反演红壤剖面水分入渗过程

水分运动是土壤中物质和能量传输的主要驱动力，但是水分在土壤中的运动轨迹复杂多变，难以直接捕捉。本研究以第四纪红黏土发育的红壤为研究对象，借助电阻率成像技术（ERT），反演水分在林地和农地土壤中的入渗过程。研究发现，ERT技术能够实现水分在红壤包气带入渗过程的可视化，ERT测定的表观电阻率的变化量与烘干法测定的土壤水分之间呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01），林地的决定系数为0.72，农地为0.53。土地利用类型影响水分入渗的范围和方式，在2 cm水头高度注水100 L的情况下，林地的入渗深度大于80 cm，而农地约为50 cm，在此基础上，继续注水200 min，林地和农地均出现明显的优先流现象。但是，林地的优先流比农地更为发育，林地是通过根系等大孔隙快速向下传输，而农地则以“指流”的方式，间断性向深层运动。在土壤层次复杂、背景含水量高、土壤黏重等不利因素的影响下，ERT技术依然能捕捉优先流在红壤中发生和发育的过程。     

伊犁察南灌区土壤盐分时空变异特征与运移机理研究

以伊犁河谷察南灌区为研究区,运用磁感式电导率快速获取技术及室内分析相结合手段,通过构建盐分解译模型,获取2015年及2016年秋季0~30 cm、30~60 cm、60~100 cm土壤盐分含量。对土壤各土层进行了盐渍化分级统计和半方差函数分析及空间插值分析。对研究区高程信息进行提取,并通过调查河流影响范围对河流进行缓冲区分析。旨在构建适用于研究区及同类型灌区磁感式盐渍土地快速精量诊断评估与利用规划技术体系,了解干旱、半干旱区灌溉农田土盐时空变异特征,并对土盐时空运移机理进行研究。初步研究表明,相比于2015年秋季,2016年秋季研究区非盐化土面积显著减小,中度盐化土面积显著增加,非盐化土、轻度盐化土呈现向中度盐化土演变的趋势;研究区土壤盐分呈现向中部及东部区域运移的趋势,盐化土面积增加,且盐分含量均值增大;另外,在空间大尺度范围上,河流是影响土盐运移的主要影响因素,在局域小尺度范围内,地势是影响土盐运移的主要影响因素。     

咸水膜下滴灌频率对土壤表层水盐环境的影响

为了更好地指导干旱区农业生产,利用地下咸水进行了膜下滴灌频率试验,设3种滴灌频率,即1次/24 h(T1)、1次/48 h(T2)和1次/72 h(T3),探讨了相同灌水量下不同滴灌频率对土壤表层水盐环境的影响。结果表明,(1)T2处理浅层土壤含水率高于T1和T3处理0.5%~1.0%,且试验后期形成面积和深度均大于T1和T3处理的;(2)土壤电导率在整个试验过程中呈增加趋势,T2处理土壤电导率增长幅度相对较小,土壤返盐程度较小;(3)土壤p H值在试验中期增大,试验后期减小,表层土壤p H值达8.5左右;(4)土壤表层各盐分离子量在试验期间的增加程度远小于土壤结冻期;土壤表层重碳酸根离子量在试验后期超过120.0 mg/kg,土壤总碱度增大,土壤存在碱化趋势。因此,滴灌频率1次/48 h可为作物提供比较适宜的土壤表层水盐环境,可作为民勤绿洲咸水滴灌频率参考值;同时,使用咸水滴灌后,绿洲土壤存在明显碱化趋势,因此还需采取其他灌排措施减弱土壤次生盐渍化。     

茶叶水分快速检测方法

在研究茶叶的阻抗—频率特性和阻抗—水分特征的基础上，发现了茶叶的导电浴盆别效应，提出了一种新的茶叶水分快速检测方法，研制了相应的仪器，初步解决了茶叶现场水分快速、准确测量的难题。     

利用相对电导率和茎尖水势预报落叶松苗木生活力的研究

本文对落叶松在不同晾晒时间中茎尖水势，相对电导率及苗木生活力的动态变化过程进行了测定。结果表明：茎尖水势，相对电导率确实能反映苗木遇到逆境后对其生活力的影响，用于预报造林成活率和初期生长量具有极强的可靠性。     

牛乳过氧化物酶活性,电导率与隐性乳房炎的关系

对发情盛期、怀孕初期、怀孕中期、怀孕末期的泌乳奶牛的正常乳和隐性乳房炎阳性乳（简称隐乳），测定了其乳过氧化物酶活性及电导率，探讨了乳过氧化物酶活性和电导率的变化与隐性乳房炎的关系。结果表明，不同时期泌乳牛隐乳的乳过氧化物酶活性显著高于同期正常乳汁的酶值（Ｐ＜０．０１）；隐乳的电导率值比正常乳的亦明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）     

Tillage Effects on Crop Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Sodic Soils

Tillage modifies soil structure and has been suggested as a practice to improve physical, hydrological and chemical properties of compacted soils. But little is known about effect of long‐term tillage on physicochemical soil properties and crop yield on sodic soils in India. Our objective was to investigate the effect of different tillage regimes on crop yield (wheat and paddy rice) and physicochemical properties of sodic soils. Two sodic sites under conventional tillage for 5 (5‐YT; 5‐year tillage) and 9 (9‐YT; 9‐year tillage) years were selected for this study. Changes in crop yield and physicochemical soil properties were compared with a control, sodic land without any till history, that is, 0‐year tillage/untilled (0‐YT). Five replicated samples at 0‐ to 10‐cm and 10‐ to 20‐cm soils depths were analysed from each site. In the top, 0‐ to 10‐cm soil depth 5‐YT and 9‐YT sites had higher particle density (Pd), porosity, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen (N_t), available nitrogen (N_avail), phosphorus (P_avail) and exchangeable calcium (Exch. Ca⁺⁺) than 0‐YT, whereas bulk density (Bd), C : N ratio and CaCO₃ were significantly lower. Bd, pH, EC and CaCO₃ increased significantly with depth in all the lands, whereas Pd, porosity, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon, N_t, N_avail, P_avail and Exch. Ca⁺⁺ decreased. We conclude that continuous tillage and cropping can be useful for physical and chemical restoration of sodic soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cx43 is involved in electrical remodeling of atrial myocytes through regulating L-type calcium current

AIM: To investigate whether the association of connexin 43(Cx43) and L-type calcium channel involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: The biochemical assays and whole-cell patch-clamp technique were used to study the expression of Cx43 in human atrial tissue. The co-localization of Cx43 and L -type calcium channel, and the regulation of L-type calcium current in atrial myocytes were investigated. RESULTS: The expression of Cx43 at mRNA and protein levels was decreased in human atrial tissues of AF patients. In cultured atrium-derived myocytes (HL-1 cells), knockdown of Cx43 significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of L-type calcium channel α1c subunit, as well as L-type calcium current. Co-localization of Cx43 with L-type calcium channel α1c subunit in mouse atrial myocytes was observed. CONCLUSION: The decrease in Cx43 is involved in the pathogenesis of AF, probably through reducing the L-type calcium current in atrial myoctyes by co-localization with L-type calcium channel, thus representing the potential pathogenesis in atrial fibrillation.     

Effect of Drechslera (Helminthosporium) sacchari Toxin upon the Permeability of Sugarcane Leaf and Callus Tissues

Sugarcane leaves and calli from highly susceptible and resistant varieties to eyespot disease were used to evaluate the Drechslera sacchari toxin effect at different concentrations and incubation times by measuring electrolyte leakage. This expression of disease resistance was observed not only in the leaf but also in the callus. Furthermore, the growth of resistant calli MS medium supplemented with DS toxin, was higher when compared to the susceptible ones. The possibility of obtaining resistant somaclones is confirmed.     

山杏,沙棘种子活力测定的电导法

该文研究了用电导法测定山杏，沙棘种子活力的方法，适用条件，采用灰色关联度分析方法分析了发芽率，电导率，发芽势，老化时间以及简化活力指数的关联关系，并以简化活力指数，电导率为母序列对各指标的关联度进行排序。通过回归分析建立了电导率与发芽率，发芽势，生活在力，简化活力指数以及简化活动指数与电导率，发牙率，发芽势，生活力的回归方程，从而找出了电导法测定山杏，沙棘种子活力方法。