金针菇中免疫调节蛋白编码基因FIP-fve的功能

为探究FIP-fve基因在金针菇本体的生物学功能,构建了pCAMBIA1301-pGPD-FIP-fve超表达载体并将其转化至农杆菌LBA4404中,采用农杆菌介导的金针菇转化法,最终获得了FIP-fve基因超表达的金针菇;进行FIP-ve基因沉默（RNAi:FIP-fve）、FIP-fve超表达（pGPD:FIP-fve）和野生金针菇（CK）菌丝体培养和子实体栽培,并记录菌丝体和子实体时期的生物学性状。结果显示：pGPD:FIP-fve金针菇菌丝生长速度最快,CK金针菇次之,而RNAi:FIP-fve金针菇生长速度最为缓慢;子实体出菇栽培后,在子实体数量、菌柄长度、子实体产量和生物学效率方面,pGPD:FIP-fve金针菇都明显优于CK金针菇,而RNAi:FIP-fve金针菇的子实体生长状况最差。研究结果表明,FIP-fve基因能够促进金针菇菌丝体的生长,并对金针菇原基形成具有促进作用,最终影响金针菇的产量。     

云南玉溪地区烟田根结线虫的SCAR鉴定、分布及其生物防治研究

云南玉溪地区是我国的烟草主产区,根结线虫病是烟草生产中的重要地下病害,危害烟草植株生长,降低产量。本研究运用SCAR-PCR方法对云南玉溪地区根结线虫进行分子鉴定,并分析不同根结线虫种类在各县区的分布情况;同时在澄江、易门两县开展利用昆虫病原线虫对根结线虫的田间防治试验。结果表明,玉溪地区主要的优势种群为花生根结线虫Meloidogyne arenaria,在所有区县均有分布,爪哇根结线虫M.javanica为次要种群,南方根结线虫M.incognita属于零星分布;田间施加昆虫病原线虫对烟草根结线虫病具有显著的抑制作用。研究结果可为烟草根结线虫病的绿色防治提供数据支持。     

冬季不同类型猪舍内颗粒物与微生物气溶胶浓度分布规律研究

本研究旨在探究冬季不同类型猪舍内颗粒物与微生物气溶胶的污染特征,为改善规模化猪舍内空气质量提供基础数据。采用TSI粉尘监测仪和ZYK-6型六级筛孔撞击式微生物采样器,对妊娠舍、分娩舍和保育舍三种类型猪舍内的不同粒径颗粒物(TSP、PM_(10)、PM_4、PM_(2.5)和PM_1)浓度以及微生物气溶胶进行监测和采样。监测和采样高度均设为距离地面0.8 m处,每日监测7次(3:00、7:00、9:00、11:00、15:00、17:00和22:00),连续监测3 d。结果显示:妊娠舍内TSP、PM_(10)、PM_4、PM_(2.5)和PM_1平均质量浓度分别为1.734、0.760、0.313、0.270 mg·m~(-3)和0.249 mg·m~(-3),细菌气溶胶浓度范围6800～25 600 cfu·m~(-3),真菌气溶胶浓度范围为170～870 cfu·m~(-3);分娩舍内TSP、PM_(10)、PM_4、PM_(2.5)和PM_1平均质量浓度分别为3.102、1.385、0.492、0.408 mg·m~(-3)和0.369 mg·m~(-3),细菌气溶胶浓度范围为4100～22 100 cfu·m~(-3),真菌气溶胶浓度范围为440～2480 cfu·m~(-3);保育舍内TSP、PM_(10)、PM_4、PM_(2.5)和PM_1平均质量浓度分别为1.284、0.572、0.271、0.245 mg·m~(-3)和0.230 mg·m~(-3),细菌气溶胶浓度范围为2120～6850 cfu·m~(-3),真菌气溶胶浓度范围为160～1110 cfu·m~(-3)。三种猪舍内细菌气溶胶浓度比较发现,妊娠舍最高,其次是分娩舍,保育舍最低;真菌气溶胶主要分布在粒径小于3.3μm的范围内。颗粒物与微生物气溶胶的相关性关系分析发现,真菌气溶胶和粒径小于1.1μm的细菌气溶胶可能是以孢子或者菌丝的形式独立漂浮于空气中。     

添加方式对不同固化剂稳定土壤重金属的影响

以石灰、膨润土、沸石、骨粉、硫化钠、硫酸亚铁为固化材料,分别在最佳添加量下以不同添加方式（固-固、固-液和液-液）对重金属污染土壤进行稳定化修复,研究不同添加方式对固化剂稳定化修复土壤重金属的效果。结果表明：固化剂的添加方式会对土壤重金属的稳定化作用效果产生不同程度的影响,其中以液-液方式添加的石灰对潼关和凤县土壤中Cd稳定化效果最好,土壤中有效态Cd含量分别减少87.9%和70.8%;以固-液方式添加的膨润土对潼关和骨粉对凤县土壤中Pb的稳定化效果最好,重金属残渣态的比例分别增加了59.0%和56.3%;硫酸亚铁以固-液、液-液的添加方式分别对潼关和凤县土壤中Zn稳定化效果最优,有效态Zn含量减少87.2%和84.3%。     

微生物菌剂在蔬菜上的应用效果初探

为验证沈阳国科生物科技有限公司生产的微生物菌剂在蔬菜上应用效果,以芸豆、菠菜为试验作物,采用对比试验的方式,探讨微生物菌剂对蔬菜生物学性状和产量的影响。试验结果表明:与施用等量清水和基质相比,微生物菌剂可使芸豆和菠菜的生物学性状发生改变,分别增产25.6%和22.3%。     

Safety issues of methylglyoxal and potential scavengers

The health safety of methylglyoxal (MGO) has been recognized as a key issue owing to its ultra-high reactivity toward some key biomolecules such as amino acids, proteins, DNA, sulfhydryl- and basic nitrogen-containing compounds, including amino-bearing neurotransmitters. In this review, we have summarized the endo- and exogenous sources of MGO and its accumulation inside the body due to high intake, abnormal glucose metabolism and or malfunctioning glyoxalases, and review the debate concerning the adverse functionality of MGO ingested from foods. Higher than normal concentrations of MGO in the circulatory system and tissues have been found to be closely associated with the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), increased oxidative stress, elevated inflammation and RAGE (AGE receptors) activity, which subsequently progresses to a pathological stage of human health, such as diabetes complications, cancer, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases. Having illustrated the mechanisms of MGO trapping in vivo, we advocate the development of efficient and efficacious MGO scavengers, either assisting or enhancing the activity of endogenous glyoxalases to facilitate MGO removal, or providing phytochemicals and functional foods containing them, or pharmaceuticals to irreversibly bind MGO and thus form MGO-complexes that are cleared from the body.     

Contribution of Medicago sativa to the productivity and nutritive value of forage in semi‐arid grassland pastures

The inclusion of legumes in semi‐arid native grasslands may promote the productivity and nutritive value of forage. This study was designed to assess the effect of legumes (the introduced legume Medicago sativa or the native legume Dalea purpurea) and soil P fertility (addition of 0, 50, or 200 P₂O₅ kg/ha at seeding) on the dry matter and nutrient content of native grasses mixtures, compared with the commonly used introduced forage grass Bromus biebersteinii grown with M. sativa. Plant harvests were performed in September 2008, July 2009 and September 2009. Plants nutrient content, δ¹⁵N value and dry matter were analysed. Results show that the M. sativa enhanced the N and P concentrations of native grass mixtures early in the summer, as well as the N concentration in Bouteloua gracilis in late summer of the driest year, 2009. The higher AM fungal diversity promoted by M. sativa was positively correlated with the dry matter and nitrogen uptake of M. sativa and with the P concentration of native grasses, in early summer. Overall, this study shows that M. sativa promoted beneficial AM fungal taxa and improved forage production in the semi‐arid prairies.     

真菌诱导子对龙眼胚性愈伤组织中类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和单宁含量的影响

为探讨真菌诱导子与龙眼胚性愈伤组织中类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和单宁含量的相关性,以龙眼胚性愈伤组织细胞为材料,研究真菌诱导子种类、浓度及处理天数对龙眼愈伤组织细胞中类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和单宁含量的影响。结果表明：在固体培养基中加入 100 mg/L 拟茎点霉菌诱导子培养 35 d 时,最有利于类黄酮含量的积累,含量高达 8.58 mg/g;拟茎点霉菌诱导子浓度为 50 mg/L 时培养 35 d,最有利于类胡萝卜素含量的积累,其含量为36.83 μg/g;胶孢镰刀菌诱导子浓度为 50 mg/L 时的培养基中培养 35 d,最有利于单宁含量的积累,其含量为10.50 mg/g。液体悬浮培养条件下,胶孢镰刀菌诱导子浓度为 400 mg/L 的培养基中培养 7 d,最有利于类黄酮含量的积累,其含量为 6.29 mg/g;尖孢镰刀菌诱导子浓度为 200 mg/L 的培养基中培养 7 d,最有利于类胡萝卜素含量的积累,其含量为 49.21 μg/g;胶孢镰刀菌诱导子浓度为 400 mg/L 的培养基中培养 7 d,最有利于单宁含量的积累,其含量为 13.15 mg/g。本研究为将来龙眼胚性愈伤组织细胞工厂化生产类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和单宁等次生代谢物质奠定理论基础并提供技术指导。     

小麦全蚀病生防细菌的筛选和鉴定

为获得对小麦全蚀病菌有良好拮抗效果的生防菌株,分别从河南省商丘市及驻马店市小麦全蚀病发生田块中采集小麦根际土样,采用稀释平板涂布法共分离到1051株细菌,通过与全蚀病菌G1037菌株进行平板对峙筛选,最终获得9株具有明显拮抗效果且生长状况良好的菌株。16S rDNA序列比对及生理生化性状分析结果表明：菌株P155、P154、P16及P147为荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens,菌株P188和P97为恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida,菌株LY3为产酶溶杆菌Lysobacter enzymogenes,菌株S38为嗜根寡养单胞菌Stenotrophomonas rhizophila,菌株B20为洋葱伯克霍尔德Burkholderia cepacia。产抗生素相关基因的检测结果发现,菌株P147含吩嗪和硝吡咯菌素合成基因,菌株B20含硝吡咯菌素合成基因。除B20、LY3、S38和P147外,其余菌株均可产生嗜铁素。9株细菌都产蛋白酶。除P97、B20和S38外,其余菌株均可产脂肽类物质。盆栽试验结果表明,9株生防菌对小麦全蚀病都具有较好的防治效果,菌株P155和P154的防治效果最好,相对防效分别为67.11%和63.82%,略高于3%的苯醚甲环唑种衣剂的防治效果。研究结果表明这些细菌具有作为小麦全蚀病生防菌的潜力。