锌镉互作对水稻幼苗镉和矿物质积累的影响

研究分析了在浓度梯度的Zn×Cd胁迫下两个水稻品种黄华占和IR68144幼苗根部和地上部Cd和矿物质的积累特征.结果表明:(1)随着营养液Cd2+浓度的上升,黄华占和IR68144根部和地上部的Cd含量都大幅增加.中等浓度的Zn2+能有效地减少高浓度Cd胁迫时水稻根系对Cd的吸收,但低浓度Cd胁迫时表现为协同吸收,而高浓度Zn2+则主要促进Cd的吸收.中等浓度的Z2++在一定条件下也能有效减少水稻地上部的Cd积累量,但其作用与Cd2+浓度和水稻基因型都有关,而高浓度Zn2+则完全表现为促进Cd的积累.(2)黄华占和IR68144根部和地上部的Zn含量都随着营养液Zn2+浓度的提高而增加.Cd对水稻Zn积累的影响与Zn2+浓度和基因型都有关,但大多数情况下Cd胁迫明显降低了水稻对Zn的积累.(3)在正常Zn2+浓度(0μmol/L)营养液中,Cd2+浓度上升时,黄华占和IR68144根部Fe积累量都保持相对平稳,但两者地上部Fe积累量明显持续降低;两品种根部Mn含量都不断增加,但黄华占地上部Mn积累量持续下降,而IR68144中保持平稳.Zn×Cd互作对水稻Fe积累的影响在根部主要表现为促进作用,在地上部则主要显示出抑制作用,但两品种的Mn积累量表现出复杂的Cd2+、Zn2+浓度和基因型相关性.说明锌镉互作能有效调控水稻幼苗对镉的吸收与转运,但其互作效应与Zn2+和Cd2+浓度有关,且表现出明显的基因型差异;同时还改变了水稻幼苗中锌、铁、锰等的积累.     

酸性矿山废水污染对岩溶区旱地土壤养分的影响

为研究岩溶区煤矿开采后产生的酸性矿山废水（AMD）对周边旱地土壤养分的影响,以贵州典型煤矿周边的石灰性旱地土壤为对象,研究 AMD 污染对土壤氮、磷、钾和钙等矿质养分含量及矿质养分有效性的影响。结果表明：1）较高浓度的 AMD 污染（固液比为1∶7．5～1∶10）显著降低土壤全钾、全钙、有效氮、速效钾、缓效钾和有效磷的含量;显著增加土壤有效钙的含量,加剧土壤酸化,促进土壤有机质的急剧分解,土壤阳离子交换量（CEC）明显升高;对土壤全磷总体影响不大。2）较低浓度的 AMD 污染（固液比为1∶0．1～1∶2．5）能一定程度增加土壤有效磷和有机质的含量,减少土壤的阳离子交换量（CEC）。     

Influence of Oil Seed Rape and Faba Bean as Green Manure on Nitrogen Utilization in a Spring Cereal Rotation

A lysimeter study was conducted to investigate how nitrogen uptake of spring wheat and oats and N leaching losses are differing when either oilseed rape or faba bean are grown as green manure. The experiment was conducted during 1982–1988, and fertilizer applied to the cereals was either farmyard manure, FYM, (6 and 12 g N/m²/year) or mineral fertilizer, MiF, at a rate of 6 g N/m². On average of the 7 year period faba bean increased N uptake of the cereals fertilized with FYM at harvest by 3–4 g/m². Differences between the two application rates were negligible. N-leaching losses increased twofold when faba bean was grown instead of oilseed rape. Growing faba bean after cereals supplied with MiF, too, increased N uptake of the cereals and significantly increased leaching losses.     

Influence of Biopost and Organo upon Flue-cured Tobacco Grown on Semigley. II. Chemical Composition of Tobacco Leaf and Changes in the Chemical Soil Complex

The paper deals with the results achieved in investigating the effects of biopost and organo, in comparison with stable manure and mineral fertilization as well as one with the other, on the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaf and on the changes in the chemical soil complex. Investigations were carried out on semigley in the central Drava Valley in Northern Croatia. While biopost is an organic fertilizer, organo is defined as an organic-mineral fertilizer since, in addition to an organic component, it also contains a mineral component. Both fertilizers affected the chemical composition of tobacco leaf, though they were applied in relatively small quantities. This was primarily reflected in a reduction of nicotine content and an increase in the content of reducing sugars in comparison with mineral fertilizing, though not always proportional to the rate applied. Here, biopost showed a certain advantage over organo.
The calcium content in tobacco leaf does not indicate any marked influence of the fertilizing treatments tested in the trial. Existence of such a relation seems more likely in the case of magnesium, while in the case of potassium, fertilizing with this bioelement had the crucial role with regard to its content in tobacco leaf.
As regards the changes in the chemical soil complex, the effect of the tested fertilizers, depending on the parameters studied, was either non-existent or very slight.     

硒对STZ诱发糖尿病大鼠骨密度影响的研究初报

比较了在低硒饲料的基础上补充不同形态硒对糖尿病大鼠骨密度的影响。健康SD大鼠 1 2 8只 ,体重 50～ 60 g,随机分为 4组 ,每组 32只 ,雌雄各半 ,其中Ⅰ组为低硒对照组 (饲料含硒量 0 0 37mg/kg) ;Ⅱ组为补充亚硒酸钠组 (饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg) ;Ⅲ组为补充富硒麦芽组(饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg) ;Ⅳ组为补充富硒酵母组 (饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的饲料均是在Ⅰ组低硒饲料的基础上分别添加适量的亚硒酸钠、富硒麦芽、富硒酵母后配制而成。喂饲 5周后 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组用链脲佐菌素 (streptozotocin ,STZ)按 60mg/kg腹腔注射诱发糖尿病 ,继续饲喂 6周。用单光子吸收法测定各组大鼠的肱骨、股骨、胫骨、桡骨的骨密度。结果表明 :①STZ致糖尿病大鼠的骨密度随时间的延长有逐渐下降的趋势。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ补硒组大鼠可以在一定时间内延缓STZ致糖尿病大鼠的骨密度下降。在此期间骨密度的下降以肱骨出现最早 ,股骨次之 ,桡骨、胫骨再次之。②饲料补硒组糖尿病大鼠的肱骨、股骨中硒的含量较饲料低硒组糖尿病大鼠的肱骨、股骨中硒的含量显著提高。③补充硒的形态 ,即有机硒 (富硒麦芽、富硒酵母 )或无机硒 (亚硒酸钠 )对糖尿病大鼠肱骨、股骨、胫骨、桡骨的骨密度影响差异不显著。     

乳牛蹄病与矿物元素

对山西五大牧场的水、土壤以及健康乳牛和蹄病乳牛血液抽样测定了其钠、钾、钙、镁、磷、铁、锌、铜、锰等元素的含量。探讨了矿物元素与乳牛蹄病的关系。结果表明，低锌、低硫、高锰、高镁、高铁可能是乳牛蹄病发生的易感因素     

实物期权价值忽视与国有资产流失--我国现行矿业权价值评估方法评述

国内外研究表明矿业权价值除了投资开发的正常收益以外,还包括多种实物期权价值,而在分析了目前国土资源部推荐的7种矿业权价值评估方法以后,我们发现这些方法都存在忽视期权价值的现象.评估与拍卖矿业权的实例进一步表明当前评估方法所得出的价格与实际价值之间存在显著差异,很多造成国有资产流失,而且这种流失倾向不会因为矿业权拍卖制度的建立而消失,加强以实物期权为基础的矿业权评估方法研究与应用是解决这一问题的方向.     

羊草草原枯枝落叶中矿质元素的动态分析

在羊草原上，因植物的枯死，输入到枯枝落叶中的矿质元素钙、镁、铁、钠、铜、锰、锌分别为０．８７６、０．８０８、０．２６１０．１１０、０．００４、０．０２６、０．０１３ｇ／（ｍ＾２．ａ），经过１ａ分解后，枯枝落叶各元素向土壤中释放的速率分别为５５％、３４％、３２％、５７％、３１％、５４％２２％。目前，枯枝落叶中矿质元素处于积累阶段，输入量大于输出量，达到稳定状态条件下，枯枝落叶中元素的含量分别为１．５     

NaCl和Na2CO3对星星草生长及营养液中主要矿质元素存在状态的影响

星星草生长在０－６００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ和０－２００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＣＯ３的盐胁迫下，测定了其生长状况及营养液中主要矿质离子的游离度、活度等。结果表明：相同Ｎａ＾＋活度下，Ｎａ２ＣＯ３对星星草的生长尤其是根生长的抑制作用明显大于ＮａＣｌ。     

福建大洋人工草地放牧羊补饲矿物质添加剂效果观察

根据大洋人工草地牧草的矿物质元素的含量和放牧羊矿物质元素需要量配制含有8种元素的矿物质添加剂,对放牧的罗姆尼羊和四川麻羊进行补饲试验,结果表明,2种羊的平均日增重、Hb、TSP和血清中Co、P元素的含量试验组都显著高于对照组(P<0.05),四川麻羊全血GSH-PX试验组显著高于对照组,罗姆尼羊血清中Mn、K元素的含量试验组显著高于对照组(p<0.05),2种羊的RBC、PCV、血糖、CP、GSH-PX(罗姆尼羊),以及血液中Sc、Ca、Na、Mg,Mn(四川麻羊)试验组均高于对照组,但差异都不显著,(p>0.05)。