提高玉米产量的“四防六技巧”

玉米在生长过程中如果管理不善，容易出现早衰、空秆、缺粒、倒伏等现象，这样就会严重影响到玉米品质和产量。如何防止这种现象发生，应着重做好“四防”。玉米生长的前期如何做到“促下控上”，中后期为授粉结实创造良好的生长环境，提高光合效率，延长根和叶的生理活性，达到粒重饱满高产的目的，应做好“六技巧”。     

Effect of Water and Rice Straw Management Practices on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in a Double-Cropped Paddy Field

ABSTRACT

Water and rice straw (RS) management practices can potentially affect the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils. Field experiments were conducted in two consecutive rice-growing seasons (wet and dry) to evaluate SOC stocks under different water (continuous flooding [CF], alternate wetting and drying [AWD]) and RS management practices (RS incorporation [RS-I], RS burning [RS-B], without RS incorporation and burning [WRS]) in a double-cropped paddy field. RS-I under AWD had higher volumetric water content than the same RS management under CF at tillering in both growing seasons. Total SOC was significantly higher under AWD at tillering in both wet and dry seasons and after harvesting in the dry season compared with CF. The same trend was also observed for C:N ratio at tillering and after harvesting in the dry season. RS-B plots had lower SOC stocks than RS-I and WRS plots across most of the measuring periods regardless of the growing seasons. SOC stocks were 33.09 and 39.31 Mg/ha at RS-B and RS-I plots, respectively, in the wet season, whereas the respective values were 21.45 and 24.55 Mg/ha in the dry season. Incorporation of RS enhanced SOC stocks under AWD irrigation, especially in the dry season before planting. Soil incorporation of RS in combination with AWD could be a viable option to increase SOC stocks in the double-cropped rice production region as it is strongly linked with soil fertility and productivity. However, the environmental consequences of RS incorporation in irrigated lowland rice production system should be taken into consideration before its recommendation for paddy field on a large scale.     

新疆野蔷薇果的研究

新疆野蔷薇（Ｒｏｓａｓｐｐ）果实富含多种人体所需的营养物质，有较大开发利用价值。欲培育大果，多刺蔷薇、刺蔷薇较有前途；疏花蔷薇、腺毛蔷薇、伊犁蔷薇还原型ＶＣ含量较高；还可根据需要选择优良个体或类型以培育新品种。     

马蹄金与匍茎翦股颖光合生理生态的比较研究

研究表明，１．通过光饱和点、光补偿点、ＣＯ＿２补偿点及叶绿素ａ／ｂ比值等测定，马蹄金与匍茎剪股颖均属喜光、耐荫的Ｃ＿３植物。马蹄金对强光适应性大于匍茎翦股颖。因而在芜湖地区作为大田草坪种植，则马蹄金优于匍茎葛股颖。２．ＮａＨＳＯ＿３均有增强光合速率、加速光合产物输出、增加于物质积累及提高生物产量的效应。光呼吸抑制剂在草坪生产上大有可为。     

Hemostatic changes in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis

Sepsis is a frequent source of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The goal of this case control study was to measure hemostatic changes in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis. Blood was collected within 24 hours of admission from 20 dogs that fulfilled the criteria for sepsis. Sepsis was defined as histologic or microbiological confirmation of infection and 2 or more of the following criteria: hypo- or hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, or leukopenia, leukocytosis, or > 3% bands. Culture and sensitivities were performed on appropriate samples from all septic dogs. Twenty-eight control dogs were enrolled on the basis of normal results of physical examination, CBC, serum biochemistry, and coagulation profile. Plasma samples were analyzed for prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP), D-dimer (DD) concentrations, antithrombin (AT) activity, and protein C (PC) activity. Data were compared between groups by chi-square or independent t-tests. PC (P < .001) and AT (P < .001) activities were significantly lower in dogs with sepsis compared to controls. Dogs with sepsis had significantly higher PT (P = .007), PTT (P = .005), D-dimer (P = .005), and FDP (P = .001) compared to controls. Platelet counts were not significantly different between groups. Ten of the 20 septic dogs (50%) died, but no association was identified between any of the measured variables and outcome. These findings are consistent with previous studies in animals with experimentally induced disease and in clinical studies of humans. On the basis of these results, further investigation of the role of AT and PC in canine sepsis is warranted.     

灭虫精对西施舌幼贝的毒性试验

在静水条件下,进行灭虫精对西施舌幼贝的毒性试验,试验结果显示:灭虫精对西施舌幼贝24 h致死浓度LC100为400 ms／L,半数致死浓度LC100为250 mg/L,安全浓度为2．50mg／L;48h致死浓度为260 mg／L,半数致死浓度LC50为224ms／L,安全浓度为2．24mg／L。灭虫精用于西施舌人工育苗过程中桡足类等敌害生物防治,具有较强的可用性。根据试验结果,建议使用2 mg／L浓度的灭虫精进行防治,可达到显著效果。     

Alternaria Brown Spot of Minneola in Greece; Evaluation of Citrus Species Susceptibility

During the last three years, a new disease was observed in northwestern Greece on Minneola trees, hybrid of mandarin and grapefruit. On May small brown necrotic leaf spots surrounded by yellow halo areas of various sizes appeared and covered a major portion of the leaves with extension of necrosis into the veins. On young fruits small, slightly depressed black spots were the first symptoms, which later became 2–7 mm in diameter. Brown spots were observed on the leaves and fruits in several orchards in the same area, causing leaves and fruits to drop. In some orchards over 50% of the fruits were affected. From the fruit and leaf spots the typical small-spore species Alternaria alternata was isolated. Pathogenicity tests were performed by artificially inoculating fruits of Minneola, common mandarin and Clementine. The symptoms of the disease were reproduced only on fruits of Minneola hybrids by the specific strain of the fungus Alternaria alternata pv. citri. Different citrus susceptibility tests indicated that mandarins Minneola, Nova and Page were very susceptible to tested isolates while Clementine SRA and Poros Clementine were not. All lemons and lime Seedless were not susceptible. Grapefruit New Hall was not susceptible, while the Star Ruby was. Orange Lane Late, Navel Late, Oval Poros, Olinda, Navel Athos were not susceptible and only Moro showed reaction being slightly susceptible only to one isolate.     

Modifying Myxococcus xanthus protoporphyrinogen oxidase to plant codon usage and high level of oxyfluorfen resistance in transgenic rice

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) of Myxococcus xanthus (Mx Protox) is a 49-kDa membrane protein that catalyzes conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen IX) into protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX). Upon heterologous expression in transgenic rice plants, Mx Protox is dually targeted into plastids and mitochondria, increasing resistance against the herbicidal Protox inhibitor oxyfluorfen. Here, we describe the chemical synthesis of the Mx Protox gene by assembling several small synthetic DNA fragments derived by ligation-PCR. Codon usage in the resulting 1416-bp gene was modified to correspond to that of the Arabidopsis Protox gene, a change that resulted in a decrease in G+C content from 71 to 49%. The modified Mx Protox gene was used to generate transgenic rice plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Integration, expression, and inheritance of the transgenes were demonstrated by Southern, Northern, and Western blot analyses. In plants transformed with the modified, low G+C-content Mx Protox gene, levels of Protox expression and enzyme activity were low compared to the levels observed for plants transformed with the native Mx Protox gene. Nonetheless, like the native gene, the modified gene conferred a high level of resistance to the herbicide oxyfluorfen in a seedling growth test.     

Prokaryotic Expression and Polyclonal Antibody Preparation of σC Protein of Novel Duck Reovirus DH13 Strain

The aims of the experiment was to optimize the prokaryotic expression system of σC protein,prepare polyclonal antibody against σC protein of novel duck reovirus (NDRV),and evaluate the titer of the antibody.The σC gene of NDRV-DH13 strain was amplified by RT-PCR,ligated into pET-30a(+) and pET-32a(+) expression vector,constructed prokaryotic expression plasmid,which were transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and the expression of the σC protein were induced by IPTG.The proteins expression were analyzed by SDS-PAGE.The recombinant protein without His tag was purified by digestion,and the recombinant protein with His-tagged was purified by Ni-NTA column.Then the polyclonal antibody was obtained from rabbits which had been immunized by the purified protein without His tag.Anti-His-labeled mAb and NDRV-σC positive serum were used as primary antibodies to evaluate antibodies specificity,the antibodies titer was detected by indirect ELISA (iELISA).SDS-PAGE results showed that the molecular weight of the expression on recombinant proteins were 34 and 37 ku respectively,the proteins were highly expression.Western blotting showed that they had the specific reaction and the prepared antibodies had higher affinity with σC protein,the titer were about 1:25 600 by iELISA detection.This study successfully constructed and optimized the prokaryotic expression system of the polyclonal antibody against σC protein,laid a foundation for the further study of σC protein and the research of genetically engineered vaccine.