Environmental impact mitigation and bi-culture: a comparative legal analysis of flexibility within European legal regimes – biofilter deployment

This paper investigates the potential flexibility within the current legal frameworks governing marine aquaculture across Europe to cater for the installation and management of marine biofilters alongside fish farms. The basis for debate is that deployment of these biofilters could be used to facilitate environmental impact mitigation. Furthermore, they have the potential to facilitate the development of bi-culture or polyculture through the harvesting of species from the biofilters themselves, for example, mussels (Mytilus edulis). This study explores the flexibility within and suitability of the current legal systems within Europe to cater for the specific technology’s adoption and management. The challenges identified from the legislative and policy frameworks are discussed along with the applicability of these to the use of biofilters for the development of bi-culture. Penultimately, recommendations are made as to where additional measures are needed and the challenges and difficulties that such measures will need to overcome before biofilters can be applied for environmental impact mitigation. Finally, the paper illustrates an application of ‘Comparative Legal Analysis’, demonstrating links to the question in hand and through so doing to wider coastal issues.     

Digital mapping of soil carbon sequestration potential with enhanced vegetation cover over New South Wales,Australia

Digital soil maps of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential resulting from a hypothetical 10% relative increase in long-term vegetation cover are presented at 100-m resolution across the state of New South Wales (NSW) in southeast Australia. This land management outcome is considered realistically achievable for many land managers, using strategies such as revegetation, grazing management or crop residue management. A mean state-wide potential increase of 5.4 Mg ha⁻¹ over the 0- to 30-cm depth interval was derived. Assuming a 20-year period of re-equilibration, this equates to an average SOC increase of 0.27 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Sequestration potential is systematically influenced by a combination of climate, soil parent material and current vegetation cover, for example only 1.6 Mg ha⁻¹ SOC under dry conditions in sandy, infertile soil material with sparse vegetation cover, compared with 15.9 Mg ha⁻¹ under wet conditions in clay-rich, fertile soil material with moderate–high vegetation cover. The outputs could be used to identify locations of highest sequestration potential and thereby help prioritize areas and inform decisions on sequestration programmes. Future application of the method at field scale with high levels of accuracy, together with strategic sampling, may provide statistically reliable estimates of carbon sequestration, for application in carbon trading schemes such as Australia's Emissions Reduction Fund. The modelling involved a conceptually transparent ‘space-for-time substitution’ process. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) modelling techniques were applied, but only MLR gave consistently meaningful results. The apparent failing of RF in this application warrants further examination.     

微生物菌剂对厨余垃圾堆肥温室气体减排的影响

为对厨余垃圾堆肥过程中的温室气体进行减排,在60 L强制通风静态堆肥装置中进行为期35 d的厨余垃圾和园林废弃物的联合好氧堆肥试验。在堆肥原料中分别添加复合微生物菌剂VT1000（VT）、枯草芽孢杆菌（BS）和地衣芽孢杆菌（BL）三种菌剂,并以不加菌剂的堆肥处理（CK）作为对照,监测堆肥过程中的CH4和N2O排放,以研究不同微生物菌剂对于厨余垃圾堆肥温室气体排放的影响。结果表明：微生物菌剂的添加会加快堆体升温和促进腐熟,同时能够实现不同程度的温室气体减排。堆肥过程中N2O的排放量在总温室气体二氧化碳排放当量中占比远高于甲烷,达到总排放当量的76.83%～88.57%,排放高峰期分别出现在堆肥初期和腐熟期。甲烷的排放高峰期出现在堆肥降温期,累计排放量达到温室气体总排放当量的1.65%～2.40%。各处理的总温室气体排放当量分别为95.84 kg·t-1（CK）、52.31 kg·t-1（VT）、42.03 kg·t-1（BS）和62.49 kg·t-1（BL）。与CK处理相比,BS处理的总温室气体的减排效果最好,减排率为56.15%,BL处理的减排率最低,为34.80%,VT处理减排率为45.42%。相较于CH4,菌剂对N2O的减排效果更好,可达35.32%～61.86%。结合堆肥过程的温度及各腐熟度指标,该研究选取的微生物菌剂能够在保证堆肥效率和产品质量的前提下有效减少温室气体排放。     

作物育种学教学研究

作物育种学是一门理论性实践性经验性都很强的课程,该文根据作物育种学课程的特点,从提高教师自身素质和教学能力、改进教学内容、灵活运用教学手段等方面进行了探索研究,以期为促进作物育种学教学工作提供参考.     

林业科技推广方式方法探讨

集体林权制度改革后,林农对林业科技的需求发生了重大变化,需要重新审视和改变过去传统推广方式。围绕推广者、推广项目生成、推广机构、效果反馈和监督管理等推广关键环节,探讨了推广方式方法:1)林改后,林农科技需求趋于多样化,林业专业合作社加入了推广对象的行列,推进专业合作社发展,将能集中解决林农科技需求问题;2)将推广项目进行分类,在贫困地区推广经济效益类项目,在发达地区推广兼顾生态效益类项目,根据林农科技需求,应建立推广项目储备库;3)建立推广机构和推广对象双向选择制和参与式推广方式,推行推广机构认证、认定机制,形成市场主导型推广体系;4)需要改变科研立项和评价机制,以推广价值、解决生产实际问题作为重要衡量标准之一;5)将林业科技推广与林业产业化、林产品进出口贸易及应对绿色贸易壁垒、林产品技术标准体系建设相结合,提高林业产业总产值、林产品科技含量及国际竞争力。     

畜粪沤肥浸渍液对青椒和番茄β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的影响

:1998年温室盆栽试验测定 ,畜粪沤肥浸渍液处理青椒、番茄后 ,植株体内 β - 1,3-葡聚糖酶活性均有不同程度的提高。与对照比较 ,猪粪、马粪、牛粪沤肥浸渍液对青椒 β - 1,3-葡聚糖酶活性提高率 ,最大分别为 12 .4 1% ,7.76 %和 10 .96 % ;对番茄 β - 1,3-葡聚糖酶活性提高率 ,最大分别为 4 0 .50 % ,2 5.0 7%和 2 4 .79%。     

调控反刍家畜瘤胃甲烷生成的措施

本文通过对反刍家畜瘤胃甲烷气体生成机理及控制其产量的措施的概述,以求提供有效的方法,在不显著影响反刍家畜的生产性能的情况下达到减轻瘤胃甲烷排放对大气环境造成污染的目的。     

论素质教育的特征及实施

经济发展、社会进步、科技发达要依赖劳动者素质的提高，劳动者素质的提高要依赖素质教育，素质教育是全面提高公民思想道德、文化素养、身心素质等方面发展水平的教育。文中论述了素质教育的含义、结构、特征与实施方法。同时比较分析了素质教育与应试教育的区别，进一步明确了素质教育的特点和宗旨。     

广义Riesz平均的交换子

讨论了一类Ｒｉｅｓｚ平均与ＢＭＯ函数生成的交换子的Ｌ＾ｐ有界性问题。得到的结果表明在超曲面的高斯曲率不为零的条件下，与经典的Ｂｏｃｈｍｅｒ－Ｒｉｅｓｚ平均有相类似的结果。     

仿生学发展过程的分析

仿生学在科学创新中具有重要作用,国内外学者对此进行了大量研究。在回顾分析仿生学重大事件的基础上,提出了仿生学经历了4个发展时期:萌芽时期、建立时期、巩固时期与现代时期,指出了仿生学的重大贡献是源头创新的研究理念与方法,并能在未来的所有领域内应用、取得突破性研究成果。