冬小麦新品种天选47号选育报告

冬小麦新品种天选47号为天水市农业科学研究所小麦抗锈育种中心以天94-3为母本,中梁22号作父本进行有性杂交,采用系谱法经多年选育而成。在2005—2007年甘肃省陇南片山区组区域试验中,折合平均产量5 377.5 kg/hm2,比对照品种增产11.2%。该品种株高82～95 cm,穗长8.0～8.3 cm,千粒重42～43 g,容重780～802 g/L。籽粒含粗蛋白12.16%(干基),湿面筋23.0%(14%湿基),沉降值21.3 mL(14%湿基)。经接种鉴定,苗期对混合菌0;-2/10/10,成株期对混合菌和水14、条中32号、水4、条中29号全部免疫。宜在天水市海拔1800 m以下肥力较高的半干旱浅山梯田和南北二阴区种植。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B47高产拮抗物质菌株的紫外诱变选育(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to breed new strains which have higher inhibitory effects on the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt.[Method] The endophytic Bacillus subtilis B47 strain was obtained from tomato stems by UV mutagenesis for two consecutive times,then genetic stability as well as physiological and biochemical properties of mutant strains were studied.[Result] The antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains F303,F304 and F305 was higher than that of B74 strain.After subculture of 10 successive generations,the antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains for the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt decreased,but the antibacterial activity of F305 strain decreased the least,indicating its best genetic stability among the tested strains.The antibacterial circle diameter of F305 strain was 5 mm larger than that of wild strain B47 under the same condition.The mutant strain F305 was in logarithmic growth phase within 36 h and in stationary phase within 36-96 h,while its optimum growth temperature was 35 ℃.F305 strain could grow in sodium salt with the concentration of 1%-10%,but it grew best at the concentration of 1%.Physiological and biochemical responses of F305 strain were in accordance with those of wild strain B47.[Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for the factorial production of antagonistic substance by B47 strain and new methods of preventing from the pathogens watermelon fusarium wilt.     

基于HT46R47单片机的电采暖炉控制器的研制

以HT46R47单片机为控制核心,研制了一种新型电采暖炉控制器。该控制器采用液晶面板显示有关信息,键盘或遥控器设置参数,通过电热管和静音水泵实现水温控制和热水循环,并设有双重漏电保护和防干烧保护。采用该控制器的采暖炉安全可靠、智能化程度高、采暖效果好,具有较高的性价比和推广价值。     

猪血小板谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性在饲粮内不同加硒水平下的变化

本试验选用杂交仔猪40头,分为四组,在基础饲粮内分别加硒0、0.05、0.30、0.60ppm(Na_2SeO_3),研究猪在这四个加硒水平下血小板谷胱肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性的变化。结果表明:饲粮缺硒时,猪血小板GSHPx活性极显著地降低(P<0.01),若加硒0.05ppm,则可在第二周极显著地增高(P<0.01),并在此时、此加硒水平(0.05ppm)趋于稳定);猪血小板GSHPx活性与血浆GSHPx活性、血浆硒含量呈强正相关。作者认为;猪血小板GSHPx活性可以作为机体硒状况的一个标识。试验还还测定了富含血小板血浆的硒含量等指标,初步探讨了血小板GSHPx活性与它们的相关性。     

快速冷凝Al＿（47）Cu＿（25）Fe＿8Mg＿（20）合金粉末的TEM研究

本文用透射电子显微镜研究了快速冷凝Ａｌ＿（４７）Ｃｕ＿（２５）Ｆｅ＿８Ｍｇ＿（２０）合金粉末。在淬火态粉末中，发现并确定了四个晶体相，在８００℃热处理的粉末中，观察到了Ｆ型二十面体准晶相。     

杂交狼尾草对土壤锌／十溴联苯醚复合污染的生理响应及修复

采用室内盆栽试验,研究了杂交狼尾草对土壤中Zn／十溴联苯醚（BDE-209）污染的生理响应及修复效果。结果表明,杂交狼尾草的生物量随着BDE-209浓度增大而升高,低中浓度Zn／BDE-209复合污染明显促进了植株生长;在单-BDE-209和复合两种污染条件下,随着污染物浓度上升,丙二醛（MDA）含量上升,可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性均呈下降趋势;植物地下部分对zn和BDE-209的积累均大于地上部分,随着BDE-209浓度增大,植物对zn和BDE-209积累量上升,低中浓度Zn／BDE-209复合污染对积累、转运zn和BDE-209均有促进作用,植物地下部分对zn的富集系数高达7．78;杂交狼尾草对复合污染土壤中BDE-209去除率高达60．73％,不同去除效果为根际去除率〉非根际去除率〉无植物去除率。     

Comparative study of antioxidant defence mechanisms in marine fish fed variable levels of oxidised oil and vitamin E

The aim of the study was to compare theantioxidant systems in juvenile marine fish ofcommercial importance to European aquaculture,namely turbot (Scophthalmus maximus),halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) andgilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Thepresent dietary trial was specifically designedto investigate the antioxidant effects ofvitamin E under moderate oxidising conditions,including high dietary levels of highlyunsaturated fatty acids and the feeding ofoxidised oils. The objective was to induce astressful pro-oxidant status to enablecharacterisation of the biochemical responsesto peroxidative stress without causingunnecessary suffering to the experimentalanimals or high mortalities during the trials. Both sea bream and turbot showed excellentgrowth, whereas growth was poorer in halibut.Dietary oxidised oil significantly reducedgrowth in turbot and especially in halibut, butnot in sea bream. Vitamin E improved growth insea bream fed oxidised oil but not in turbot orhalibut. However, vitamin E supplementationappeared to improve survival in all threespecies. In sea bream and turbot, liverantioxidant defence enzyme activities weregenerally increased by feeding peroxidised oiland reduced by vitamin E. Conversely, inhalibut, the liver antioxidant defence enzymeactivities were not increased by feedingperoxidised oil and only superoxide dismutasewas reduced by feeding vitamin E. Consistentwith these data, feeding oxidised oil increasedlipid peroxidation products in halibut, butgenerally not in sea bream or turbot.Furthermore, lipid peroxidation products weregenerally reduced by dietary vitamin E in bothsea bream and turbot, but not in halibut. Therefore, halibut liver antioxidant defenceenzymes did not respond to dietary oxidised oilor vitamin E as occurred in turbot and,especially sea bream. This resulted inincreased levels of lipid peroxides in halibutcompared to turbot and sea bream in fish givendietary oxidised oil. In addition, supplementalvitamin E did not reduce lipid peroxides inhalibut as it did in turbot and sea bream. Theincreased peroxidation stress in halibut mayaccount for their poorer growth and survival incomparison to turbot and especially sea bream.Halibut were reared at a lower temperature,although relatively high for halibut, thaneither turbot or sea bream but they were alsoslightly younger/smaller fish and possibly,therefore, more developmentally immature, andeither or all of these factors may be importantin the lack of response of the liver enzymes inhalibut.     

敲除DWF4基因提高拟南芥对低温胁迫的抗性

以拟南芥类固醇类C22α-羟化酶基因DWF4的T-DNA插入缺失突变体dwf4为研究材料,通过观察突变体在低温胁迫条件下的表型,检测dwf4突变体和野生型在低温胁迫条件下的相对电导率、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、抗冷基因表达量和过氧化物酶基因表达量的区别,探讨了该基因在抗低温胁迫反应过程中的功能。结果表明,敲除DWF4基因能够提高拟南芥对低温胁迫的抗性。dwf4突变体的抗低温胁迫能力一方面源于在低温胁迫下,与野生型相比,dwf4突变体中相对较低的电导率和较高的叶绿素含量,以及更多渗透调节物质可溶性糖和脯氨酸的积累,另一方面源于低温胁迫条件下dwf4突变体中低温胁迫响应的下游基因RD29A及COR47的高表达。结果还表明尽管dwf4突变体中过氧化物含量增加,但是过氧化物酶基因Prx22与Prx698的高表达对过氧化物的毒害起到了很好的抑制作用。说明在拟南芥中DWF4负调控拟南芥对低温胁迫的反应过程。     

BDE-47对斑马鱼胚胎氧化应激与DNA损伤的毒性研究

以斑马鱼胚胎为受试对象,研究了2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对胚胎的氧化应激及DNA损伤。通过对不同浓度BDE-47(1、5、10、50μg·L~(-1))暴露5 d后胚胎/幼鱼体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GSH)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)含量变化的分析以及Sod1、Ucp-2、Gstp2及Nqo1基因相对量表达的测定,考查BDE-47对斑马鱼胚胎/幼鱼的氧化应激效应;通过单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)对尾矩值的分析,探讨BDE-47对斑马鱼胚胎/幼鱼的DNA损伤。结果显示,BDE-47能够显著诱导ROS与MDA的产生,并呈现浓度效应依赖关系;50μg·L~(-1)BDE-47能够显著增加SOD与CAT的活性,降低GSH的浓度。BDE-47暴露后50μg·L~(-1)暴露组基因Ucp-2的表达显著上调4.12倍(p0.01),Gstp2与Nqo1表达分别显著下调至对照组的0.62倍与0.55倍(p0.01),而基因Sod1相对表达量没有显著变化。同时,5、10、50μg·L~(-1)暴露组胚胎/幼鱼尾矩值显著增加并伴随着ROS的浓度升高。结果表明,BDE-47能够诱导斑马鱼胚胎/幼鱼产生氧化应激,ROS是诱发胚胎发生DNA损伤的导火索。     

原生质体融合提高非致病性尖镰孢Fo47抗药性

选择紫外灭活和热灭活亲本原生质体为遗传标记,以非致病性尖镰孢Fo47和对西瓜枯萎菌有抑制作用的植物内生放线菌SG2、生长较快并对尖孢镰孢萎蔫专化型有抑制作用的重寄生链霉菌PR进行跨界原生质体融合,经筛选获得4株融合子F-8、F-9、F-10和F-12,皿内测定结果表明,72 h后融合子生长速率显著快于亲本Fo47(P=0.05);抗多菌灵的临界质量浓度分别达到3、9、6、6 mg/L,均高于Fo47的2 mg/L。