Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Colletotrichum isolates from Belgian strawberry fields

Colletotrichum isolates (457) were collected from strawberry plant tissues with and without typical anthracnose symptoms and from symptomless weeds in 19 Belgian strawberry fields. The isolates were characterized based on genetic, morphological and pathological features. Isolates were classified according to rDNA‐ITS sequencing: 97% of 211 representative isolates were C. acutatum, 2%C. gloeosporioides and 1%C. coccodes. The C. acutatum isolates belonged to the intraspecific groups A2 (33%), A3 (5%), A4 (50%), A5 (3%) and A7 (6%). Differences in spore morphology, growth rate and colony colour of a selection of 146 isolates confirmed the genetic grouping. Multiple Colletotrichum genotypes were detected in the same field. There was no association between the most common genotypes and geographic origin, presence or absence of symptoms, nor plant species or plant part. Representative Belgian Colletotrichum isolates were used in pathogenicity tests, together with European and American reference isolates. The C. acutatum A2 and the Belgian C. gloeosporioides isolates were the most aggressive on fruits, followed by C. acutatum A3, A4, A5, A7 and C. coccodes isolates. When inoculated into crowns, C. acutatum A2, A5 and American C. gloeosporioides isolates were the most aggressive, followed by C. acutatum A3 isolates. The A4 and A7 isolates and all European C. gloeosporioides isolates were non‐pathogenic on crowns. These data indicate that an unusually diverse Colletotrichum population is present in Belgium. The traditional differentiation between C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides as causal agents of fruit and crown rot, respectively, proved not to be valid in Belgian strawberry fields.     

ISO‐Based Assessment of Accuracy and Precision of Glucose Meters in Dogs

Background

Portable blood glucose meters (PBGMs) allow easy glucose measurements. As animal‐specific PBGMs are not available everywhere, those for humans are widely used.

Objectives

To assess the accuracy and precision of 9 PBGMs in canine whole blood (WB) and plasma, based on the ISO 15197:2013.

Animals

Fifty‐nine client‐owned dogs attending the Veterinary Teaching Hospital.

Methods

Analytical evaluation of 100 blood samples was performed for accuracy and 23 for precision (glucose 29–579 mg/dL) following ISO recommendations. A PBGM was considered accurate if 95% of the measurements were within ±15 mg/dL from the reference when glucose was <100 mg/dL and within ±15% when it was ≥100 mg/dL, and if 99% of them were within zones A and B in error grid analysis (EG). A hexokinase‐based analyzer was used as reference. Ninety samples were assessed for hematocrit interferences.

Results

Accuracy requirements were not fulfilled by any PBGM in WB (74% of measurements within the limits for the most accurate) and by 1 only in plasma. However, the EG analysis in WB was passed by 6 PBGM and by all in plasma. The most accurate were also the most precise, with coefficients of variation <5% in WB and <3% in plasma. Hematocrit correlated with bias against the reference method in 4 PBGM (r = −0.243 − [−0.371]; P < .021).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This disparity among PBGM suggests that meters approved for humans need to be evaluated before use in other species.     

植物动力2003提高桃树抗涝性初探

以毛桃为砧木的大仙桃盆栽苗为试材,通过测量盆栽苗在连续淹水情况下,使用不同浓度植物动力2003后,桃树叶片中的叶绿素含量、水分含量、受害程度、枝梢生长量等指标的变化,来研究植物动力2003对提高桃树抗涝性的影响。结果表明:当植物动力2003浓度在500mg/L左右时对淹水的桃树短期内能提高其抗涝性;在1000￣1500mg/L内对淹水较长时间的桃树能显著提高其抗涝性。     

膨化机三维参数化设计系统的研究

详细介绍了基于机械自动化设计软件Solidworks研制的膨化机三维参数化设计系统的功能结构、人机界面和关键技术的处理方法。该系统完全被封装在Solidworks的一个菜单项下,通过简单的人机交互,输入功率、转速等设计参数后,它就能自动完成整台膨化机的结构设计,包括膨化腔、带轮传动和减速箱传动的全部设计过程,具有一定的智能化,然后根据用户选择输出零件或者装配体的三维实体模型和工程图。零件自动三维造型的实现采用了以尺寸驱动为主,程序驱动为辅的编程思想,并建立相应的膨化机模板零件库。整个系统程序使用VisualC 语言开发,以动态链接库的形式嵌入Solidworks系统,实现了与Solidworks软件的无缝结合。配合Solidworks强大的三维造型、设计和装配功能,极大地提高了膨化机设计的效率、精度和质量。