水分胁迫对燥红土和变性土上玉米叶片过氧化物酶活性的影响

采用盆栽控制试验,研究了单作和混作栽培方式及不同施肥处理条件下,水分胁迫对金沙江干热河谷典型土壤(燥红土和变性土)玉米(Zea mays L.)叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响.结果表明①在一定的水分胁迫范围内,玉米叶片的过氧化物酶活性随着土壤含水量的降低而升高,但过度胁迫时,酶活性降低;②随着土壤含水量降低,燥土和变性土上生长的玉米叶片的酶活性的变化规律略有差异,这与二者的土壤物理性质有关;③施肥处理[T(N100 mg+P2O5*#170 mg+K2O 60 mg/kg干土);Z(NPK+Zn10 mg/kg干土);M(5.2 g干牛粪/kg干土+NPK)]和栽培方式对玉米叶片的酶活性有影响.     

岩溶山地植被恢复中碳酸盐岩红土入渗特征及其影响因素

退耕还林还草工程实施后岩溶山地林草植被结构明显改善,研究植被恢复中碳酸盐岩红土入渗特征对岩溶生态恢复有重要意义。采用盘式入渗法在不同植被覆盖(荒草、灌草丛和乔木)下分别测定不同负压水头(-0.5,-3,-6,-15 cm)的水分入渗特征,计算不同负压下非饱和导水率、土壤孔隙分布常数、各孔隙级别对水流的贡献率,明确不同植被覆盖碳酸盐岩红土入渗特性差异。结果表明:不同水头条件下荒草、灌草丛和乔木地的土壤稳渗率均随负水头增大而递增,且碳酸盐岩红土入渗达到稳渗状态所需时间较长(约120 min),在低水头下荒草地土壤稳渗率最大(0.17 mm/min),而在高水头下乔木地最大(9.17 mm/min);荒草、灌草丛和乔木地土壤饱和导水率K_s差异极显著(P0.01),乔木地土壤饱和导水率达到最大(4.62 mm/min),而K_3、K_6、K_(15)和Gardner α差异不显著,碳酸盐岩红土饱和导水率K_s仅受土壤有机质含量和土壤电导率控制;乔木地土壤大孔隙数量及其占比显著大于灌草丛与荒草地(P0.05),碳酸盐岩红土导水性能主要受土壤大孔隙对水流的作用控制(70%)。研究结果可为西南岩溶山地生态恢复和水资源承载力分析提供数据支撑和理论依据。     

乡土文化在实现乡村振兴发展的路径探索——以广东雷州半岛红土文化为例

乡土文化作为滋养乡村振兴发展的"精气神"。广东雷州半岛红土文化作为乡土文化的一种表现形态,它是在长期生产实践中,孕育而成汇具乡土气息与人文气息的民俗文化、乡贤文化、景观文化、手艺文化等的乡土文化形态。它们致力于乡村产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕发展。在时代发展中,红土文化在共存时空中产生危机感,表现为传承载体的萎缩、品牌化传播的忽略、出场概率的局限。急需寻求突破路径推进红土文化在乡村振兴的发展,理应要盘活乡贤资源,协同乡贤发力;传承民俗文化,勾起集体记忆;修复景观文化,打造宜居乡村;发展特色技艺产业,形塑品牌影响。     

喀斯特森林近地表层覆盖对碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程的影响

蒸发是西南喀斯特地区薄层土壤水分损失的主要途径,浅层土壤水分的存蓄对喀斯特地区农业生产和生态恢复至关重要。以西南喀斯特森林碳酸盐岩红土为研究对象,基于室内蒸渗试验设置4个苔藓生物量(0,0.32,0.64,0.95 kg/m~2)和3个松针生物量(0,0.32,0.64 kg/m~2)共12种处理,分析森林近地表层覆盖对碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程及表层温度时空分布的影响规律,并对比3种蒸发模型(Black、Rose、空气动力学蒸发模型)在喀斯特森林碳酸盐岩红土的适用性。结果表明:苔藓和松针覆盖显著降低累积蒸发量和蒸发速率(P0.05),接种苔藓0.95 kg/m~2和覆盖松针0.64 kg/m~2处理比裸土累积蒸发量小36.9%;苔藓和松针导致土壤含水量显著增加(P0.05);苔藓和松针增加了表层土壤的平均温度,松针对土壤温度的提升作用强于苔藓;Black、Rose和空气动力学模型均能较好地模拟碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程,Black蒸发模型的拟合精度高于Rose和空气动力学蒸发模型。研究结果能为西南喀斯特地区的水量平衡分析提供理论支撑并加强对喀斯特森林地表水文过程的认知。     

第四纪红色粘土发育的红壤中营养元素的淋失

A red soil derived from Quaternary red clay was employed to study nutrient leaching with soil columns repacked in laboratory. The objective was to identify the effects of fertilization practices on leaching patterns and magnitudes of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, and NO₃^-. The treatments were CK (as a control), CaCO₃, CaSO₄, MgCO₃, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, urea, KCl, and multiple (a mixture of the above-mentioned fertilizers). The fertilizers were added to the bare surface of the soil columns, and then the columns were leached with 120 mL deionized water daily through peristaltic pumps over a period of 92 days. Leaching processes of NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- were only measured in CK, urea, and multiple treatments which were directly related to N leaching. Results showed that sole application of CaSO₄, and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ scarcely had any effect on the leaching losses of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺; the application of MgCO₃ stimulated the leaching of Mg²⁺; the application of CaCO₃ promoted the leaching of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and K⁺; urea treatment also promoted the leaching of K⁺ and NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- leaching mainly occurred at late stage of leaching process in particular; under KCl treatment, leaching of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺ was promoted to a large extent; under multiple treatment, leaching of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- was all increased and NO₃^- was mainly leached at the end of leaching process and still had a trend of increase.     

施用有机肥和有效微生物群对玉米叶片持水力的影响

A red soil derived from Quaternary red clay was employed to study nutrient leaching with woil columns repacked in laboratory,The objective was to identify the effects of fertilization practices on leaching patterns and magnitudes of Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,K^ ,NH4^ ,and NO3^-,The treatments were CK (as a control),CaCO3, CaSO4,MgCO3,Ca(H2PO4)2,urea,KCl,and multiple (a mixture of the above-mentioned fertilizers),The fertilizers were added to the bare surface of the soil columns,and then the columns were leached with 120 mL deionized water daily through peristaltic pumps over a period of 92 days.Leaching processes of NH4^ ,and NO3^- wer e only measured in CK,ured,and multiple treatments which were directly related to N leaching, Results showed that sole application of CaSO4,and Ca(H2PO4)2 scarcely hd any effect on the leching losses of Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,and K^ ; the application of MgCO3 sthimulated the leaching of Mg^2 ;the application of CaCO3 promoted the leaching of Ca^2 ,Mg^2 and K^ ; urea treatment also promoted the leaching of K^ and NH4^ ,and NO3^- leaching mainly occurred at late stage of leaching process in particular;under KCl treatment,leaching of Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,and K^ was promoted to a large extent;under multiple treatment, leaching of Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,K^ ,NH4^ ,and NO3^- was all increased and NO3^- was mainly leached at the end of leaching process and still had a trend of increase.     

干湿循环下云南非饱和红土土—水特性研究

以云南红土为研究对象,以脱湿、吸湿引起的干湿循环作为控制条件,考虑初始干密度(1.20,1.25,1.30g/cm3)、初始含水率(30.0%,33.0%,36.0%)、预固结压力(0,50,100,200kPa)、过筛粒径(0.5,1.0,2.0mm)等影响因素,通过压力板仪法,研究干湿循环下云南非饱和红土的土—水作用特性。结果表明:干湿循环过程中,不同影响因素下红土的基质吸力随含水率的增大而减小,其土—水特征曲线呈直线型或"倒J"形,其脱湿变化过程可以分为快速脱湿、缓慢脱湿、稳定脱湿3个阶段,对应的吸湿变化过程也可以分为快速吸湿、缓慢吸湿、稳定吸湿3个阶段。相同基质吸力下,随初始干密度、初始含水率、预固结压力的增大,红土的含水率增大;随粒径的增大,红土的含水率减小。初始干密度、预固结压力、粒径(0.5mm除外)影响下的红土的土—水特征曲线可采用幂函数关系进行拟合,不同初始含水率、粒径0.5mm时的土—水特征曲线可采用线性函数关系进行拟合。红土脱湿过程的含水率高于吸湿过程的含水率,脱湿—吸湿过程中的土—水特征曲线存在滞后现象,其实质在于干湿循环作用下红土具有孔隙效应、瓶颈效应、角度效应的综合结果。     

羊驼AIF部分cDNA序列分析及其在不同毛色的表达定位

通过对已构建的羊驼皮肤cDNA文库进行筛选和ESTs分析,发现与其它动物AIF基因相应cDNA序列高度同源的序列,经序列分析证明命名为羊驼AIF基因序列,已经向Genbank提交。与其他动物（褐鼠、小鼠、人等）的AIF基因相应序列进行相似性比较,相似性分别为100%、91%、71.6%。运用免疫组化技术进一步研究该基因在羊驼皮肤中的表达和定位,结果显示AIF在羊驼毛囊的毛根、根鞘、毛球、毛乳头位置均呈阳性表达,且棕色皮肤比灰色皮肤表达量高,提示该基因可能和羊驼毛色形成或毛的生长相关。     

CTA-OPEN青海互助站 东方的蒙特卡洛

若要把8月末的CTA青海互助站比作职业巡回赛中的一站,那我定会首先联想到蒙特卡洛。虽说这几没有沙滩海浪,但这儿拥有清新的高原空气和一望无际的大草原,拥有最具特色的美食和淳朴的风土人情,除此之外呢?互助站最吸引球员纷至沓来的特别之处便是采用红土作为比赛场地。