Development and Application of Cotton InDel Markers Based on High Throughput Sequencing

[Objective] Dimorphic InDel markers can be used for cotton variety identification and purity detection, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cotton seed testing, and to play a role in molecular breeding of cotton. [Method] Based on the whole genome sequencing of 121 cotton varieties from different sources, the InDel markers with high polymorphism were developed according to polymorphism information content(PIC) and were applied in the genetic distance analysis and cluster analysis by using 66 cotton varieties in China. [Result] Totally 10 967 InDel were identified based on the next generation sequencing data of 121 cotton varieties. Among the 85 pairs of InDel primers synthesized, 64 were selected including 35 from At group and 29 from Dt group. The minimum average allelic frequency(MAF) of At and Dt chromosomes were 0.45 and 0.32, respectively, while the PIC were 0.49 and 0.40, respectively. The genetic distances of the 66 cotton varieties ranged from 0.04 to 0.65 centimorgan (cM), with an average of 0.39 cM. The two varieties with the largest genetic distance were Simian 3 and CCRI 36, and the two varieties with the smallest genetic distance were Xumian 18 and Xuza 3. [Conclusion] The 64 cotton dimorphic InDel markers can effectively reveal the relationships among varieties based on the genetic distance, and distinguish cotton varieties from different sources, which has certain theoretical significance and application value.     

赤峰市苦荞麦品种比较试验初报

为筛选赤峰市适宜种植的苦荞品种,2011年在赤峰市进行9个苦荞麦品种比较试验.结果表明：西荞1号、黔苦3号、苦荞04-46、川荞1号、黔苦5号、晋荞麦2号、西荞2号、六苦2081产量均比对照CK-10-2高,适宜当地推广种植.     

籼型耐高温三系不育系巨风2A的选育

以优质常规材料9526为母本,宜陵1B为父本杂交,优选后代与宜陵1A回交而育成的早熟中籼型三系不育系巨风2A,具有耐高温、高异交率、高配合力,所配杂交稻熟色好等优点,应用前景广泛。2014年8月通过了湖北省农作物品种审定委员会的现场鉴定,2015年通过了湖北省审定。     

油菜新品种宁杂1818氮肥运筹试验

以油菜(Brassica campestris L.)新品种宁杂1818为试验材料,以秦优7号为对照,研究不同氮肥运筹条件下,宁杂1818的植株长势和产量变化,旨在为深入了解宁杂1818的生长特性,建立宁杂1818高产、高效栽培技术体系提供理论依据。     

适宜天津市基质栽培的番茄品种筛选

利用基质栽培技术,以番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)为供试材料,比较了天津市常用的11个番茄品种部分农艺性状、经济性状、果实营养成分指标的差异,通过对这些指标的分析,筛选出最适宜天津市基质栽培的番茄品种。结果表明,粉皇后和傲兰6号在产量、单果重等指标中表现比较突出,适合在天津市以基质栽培方式推广应用。     

青海省农作物品种管理数据库系统的建立及应用技术研究

青海省首次建成并使用的“青海省农作物品种管理数据库系统”是促进全省品种管理、合理推广应用优良品种，为社会提供品种咨询服务业务的信息系统工程，对发展农业生产，提高良种覆盖率具有很高的实用价值和理论意义。     

紫花苜蓿形态和生理指标响应干旱胁迫的品种特异性

为研究紫花苜蓿在叶片和根系水平上响应干旱胁迫的形态和生理的品种特异性规律,在温室内分析了干旱胁迫下WL363HQ和巨能7紫花苜蓿株高、分枝数、生物量及叶片和根系中丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸、抗氧化酶类物质、C、N含量、C/N、稳定性C同位素（δ¹³C）和稳定性N同位素（δ¹⁵N）。结果表明：干旱胁迫显著降低了供试品种地上部分和根系的干重及分枝数（P<0.05）。干旱胁迫显著降低了巨能7的株高（P<0.05）,但增加了巨能7的根冠比,而WL363HQ的结果与之相反,这说明干旱胁迫下供试品种的株高和根冠比具有品种特异性的规律。干旱胁迫增加了WL363HQ和巨能7叶片和根系中MDA和脯氨酸的含量及抗氧化酶物质的活性,且在器官水平也具有品种特异性规律。干旱胁迫下巨能7叶片的MDA含量显著增加（P<0.05）,而在WL363HQ根系中的MDA含量也显著增加（P<0.05）。干旱胁迫下WL363HQ叶片脯氨酸含量、POD和SOD活性,及根系SOD的活性均显著增加（P<0.05）,而巨能7仅叶片SOD活性,根系脯氨酸含量、POD活性显著升高（P<0.05）。尽管干旱胁迫对供试品种叶片和根系C、N含量无显著影响（P>0.05）,但干旱胁迫显著提高了WL363HQ和巨能7紫花苜蓿根系的δ¹³C（P<0.05）,且WL363HQ叶片的δ¹⁵N均显著高于巨能7（P<0.05）。此外,干旱胁迫均显著提高了巨能7叶片和根系的C/N（P<0.05）。干旱胁迫下供试品种C、N代谢参数并没有在叶片和根系中表现出较为明显的品种特异性规律,深层次的机制还有待进一步研究。本研究结果将为进一步掌握紫花苜蓿叶片和根系协同抗旱机制及抗旱丰产紫花苜蓿新品种的选育提供理论依据。     

头骨形态指标鉴别水貂来源有效性的评估

人工驯养野生动物是获取野生动物产品的重要手段,但是非法盗猎的野生动物产品以人工饲养的名义进入市场,就会对野生动物的保护形成挑战。因此,准确鉴别市场上的动物产品是来自养殖场还是野外,是保护野外种群,维持养殖业正常秩序的关键。本研究以北美水貂(Neovison vison)为例,基于颧骨内侧空间(ZAS)、颧宽(ZAA和ZBA)、颅基长(BSL)、下颌长(MDL)、眶后收缩(POC)和最大面部宽度(GFB)等量度,建立了9个头骨形态计量学指标:POC/GFB、POC/BSL、POC/MDL、ZAS SQRT/BSL、ZA SSQRT/MDL、ZBA×BSL/2ZAS、ZBA×MDL/2ZAS、ZBB×BSL/2ZAS和ZBB×MDL/2ZAS。野生组(n=32,9雄23雌)和饲养组(n=45,35雄10雌)的比较表明,除POC/GFB外,所有指标对于在两组样品之间均有显著差异,整体判别正确率为73.2%—85.5%。在性别已知的情况下,雄性的整体正确率为82.4%—93.8%,雌性为41.7%—85.7%。为此,应针对不同性别、不同来源的动物建立相应的参考数据,利用似然比进行鉴别。本研究的结果不仅可用于北美水貂的鉴别,也为其他小型食肉动物的鉴别提供经验。     

Discrimination of “grazing milk” using milk fatty acid profile in the grassland dairy area in Hokkaido

Milk produced by the grazing system, referred to as “grazing milk” contains many components required for human health. The milk fatty acid (FA) profile is strongly associated with the diet on the farms. In the present study, based on the FA profile of farmer's bulk milk, we determined how to discriminate between milk produced on grazing and on a confinement system. A field survey was conducted four times (grazing and confinement season) in the Konsen (29 farms) and Okhotsk (25 farms) area in Hokkaido. Farmer's bulk milk samples and details of feeding management were collected and the FA profile of milk was measured. Milk produced during the grazing season contained less C16:0 and cis‐9 C16:0, and more C18:0, cis‐9 C18:1, trans‐11 C18:1, cis‐9,12 C18:2, cis‐9,trans‐11 C18:2 and cis‐9,12,15 C18:3 than milk produced during the confinement season. Discrimination analysis using 16 FA revealed that almost all milk samples were discriminated correctly (confinement season: 90% correct and 10% borderline, grazing season: 88% correct, 9% borderline and 3% incorrect). For farmers that were categorized incorrectly and were considered borderline in the grazing season, the dependency on pasture was low compared with that for farmers correctly discriminated. Therefore, to claim “grazing milk”, a high dependency on pasture is required for grazing dairy farmers.     

基于逻辑回归的植物新品种权质量评估研究——以杂交水稻品种权为例

随着植物新品种权的申请授权量急剧增长,品种权的"数量多、质量差"的问题引起了全社会的普遍关注。如何评价品种权质量成为重要的理论和现实问题。为了科学合理地判断我国品种权的综合质量水平,首先从竞争力的角度界定植物新品种权质量的定义,然后从品种权的法律、技术和经济三大属性建立品种权质量评价指标体系,并利用均值差异法验证品种权质量指标的有效性,最后采用逻辑回归模型构建品种权质量综合指数,以便全面、快捷地综合评价品种权质量。植物新品种权质量评估研究不仅有利于解决品种权质量判断标准问题,对提高品种权质量水平提供了理论依据,而且为我国品种权的价值评估、许可转让、融资、抵押等交易活动提供重要参考。