优化运行理论在泵站综合自动化系统中的应用

利用改进的神经元网络构建了泵站流量以及效率预测模型，并利用改进的遗传算法构建了泵站优化模型。将这两个模型应用到泵站综合自动化系统中，可以完成对泵站流量及效率的准确预测，并在此基础上实现泵站的优化运行。讨论了泵站优化运行理论在泵站综合自动化系统中应用的步骤和方法。     

漳河水库入库洪水抗误差预报方案

漳河水库由观音寺水库和鸡公尖水库通过半天然明槽相互连通组成，因受库水位观测、明槽输水计算、动库容计算误差等的复杂影响，以往多次建立的洪水预报方案均未达到可供应用的水平。在分析漳河水库入库洪水误差产生特点的基础上，通过建立抗误差产汇流预报模型和自适应实时校正技术，使漳河水库洪水预报方案平均确定性系数达91.09%，洪峰合格率达100%，峰现时间合格率达90.91%；观音寺水库洪水预报方案的平均确定性系数达90.63%，洪峰合格率达100%，峰现时间合格率达100%，终于建立了达到甲等水平的漳河水库洪水预报应用方案。     

Sensitivity analysis of optimal operation of irrigation supply systems with water quality considerations

A model for optimal operation of water supply/irrigation systems of various water quality sources, with treatment plants, multiple water quality conservative factors, and dilution junctions is presented. The objective function includes water cost at the sources, water conveyance costs which account for the hydraulics of the network indirectly, water treatment cost, and yield reduction costs of irrigated crops due to irrigation with poor quality water. The model can be used for systems with supply by canals as well as pipes, which serve both drinking water demands of urban/rural consumers and field irrigation requirements. The general nonlinear optimization problem has been simplified by decomposing it to a problem with linear constraints and nonlinear objective function. This problem is solved using the projected gradient method. The method is demonstrated for a regional water supply system in southern Israel that contains 39 pipes, 37 nodes, 11 sources, 10 agricultural consumers, and 4 domestic consumers. The optimal operation solution is described by discharge and salinity values for all pipes of the network. Sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes in the parameters is examined. The solution was found to be sensitive to the upper limit on drinking water quality, with total cost being reduced by 5% as the upper limit increases from 260 to 600 mg Cl l^–1. The effect of income from unit crop yield is more pronounced. An increase of income by a factor of 20 results in an increase of the total cost by a factor of 3, thus encouraging more use of fresh water as long as the marginal cost of water supply is smaller than the marginal decrease in yield loss. The effect of conveyance cost becomes more pronounced as its cost increases. An increase by a factor of 100 results in an increase of the total cost by about 14%. The network studied has a long pipe that connects two distinct parts of the network and permits the supply of fresh water from one part to the other. Increasing the maximum permitted discharge in this pipe from 0 to 200 m³ h^–1 reduces the total cost by 11%. Increasing the maximum discharge at one of the sources from 90 to 300 m³ h^–1 reduces the total cost by about 8%.     

基于框架理论的变电站操作票自动生成系统

介绍了一种基于框架理论的变电站操作票自动生成系统。该系统用框架知识表示法来描述电力系统的设备参数，建构了一个直观的、层次分明的数据结构。通过融合框架理论于面向对象的语言VC 中，开发出了一个集通用、实用、智能于一体的操作票专家系统。     

A study of water distribution from a branch to distributary canals: A case study of Gugera Branch,Punjab, Pakistan

This study was conducted on Gugera Branch of Lower Chenab Canal, Punjab, Pakistan. Sample distributaries off taking from Gugera Branch were selected for the study. The existing conditions of water distribution among the distributaries were studied. Field data were collected during the whole of 1988. Field observations suggested that the variability at the head of distributaries is much greater than the variability in the Gugera Branch under existing operational practices. The distribution of water among the distributaries is rarely in accordance with design criteria. Some channels get priority over other channels. The annual closure period varied from 17 to 41 days for different channels. The discharge at the head of distributaries remained lower than the standard operational range for 69 to 183 days in a year. The data suggested that a regulating gate at the head of the distributary can reduce discharge variation up to 2.4 times compared with a Karrees System (wooden stop logs used for water regulation). The data indicated that the adjustments in the head gate of a distributary on daily basis can substantially improve discharge conditions at the head of distributary. Rotational schedules are not being followed as per design and need to be improved. Most of the existing head discharge relationships of discharge measuring structures are not reliable. A frequent calibration of these structures is recommended.     

The rehabilitation of an irrigation system along the Yellow River

The People's Victory Irrigation System which diverts water from the Yellow River of China covers a total irrigable area of 59 000 ha. The system encountered some serious problems in the first decade of its operation — salinity and waterlogging of irrigated land, siltation of irrigation and drainage channels, as well as a low efficiency of water use. This paper describes a series of structural and functional measures which have been adopted in the past 24 years for the rehabilitation of the system, including: improvement of the existing drainage system and construction of new drainage system on agricultural land, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater supplies, a comprehensive programme to reduce the levels of siltation as well as the implementation of improved water management practices. A model for the optimal operation of the system by using system analysis theory as an aid in reducing the operation and maintenance (O & M) costs has been developed in recent years. The results are that the soil salinity has been controlled and the agricultural production has increased whilst the efficiency of water use has improved and the siltation levels reduced. Experience gained on this system has been successfully used in developing and managing other irrigation projects along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The proposed procedure of solving the said optimal model has also embodied some benefits from reducing O & M costs in operation.     

上游水库兴建后下游水库洪水预报

针对流域梯级开发中上游水库的兴建对下游水库的来水状况等产生改变的问题，提出下游水库的洪水预报模式应相应由全流域的产汇流转变为“区间汇流＋库区产汇流”的模式。结合凤滩水库在上游水库建成后洪水预报出现的问题，对其洪水预报系统进行了改进研究，实际应用情况表明改进取得了显著的效果。     

多元线性回归和神经网络在水库调度中的应用比较研究

采用多元线性回归和改进人工神经网络算法分别建立水库多目标调度函数，并进行实例计算验证。通过比较分析，表明人工神经网络的非线性映射能力能够更好地反映水库调度中多个自变量和因变量之间的复杂关系，具有较高的模拟精度和较好的可行性，且应用简便。     

白云山水库调度管理系统

针对江西省吉安市白云山水库自建的局域网的特点，研制开发了水库调度管理系统软件。简要介绍在Power Builder平台上开发的水库调度管理系统软件中有关电力部分的主要功能和系统软件开发要点，重点介绍实现实时监控、报表制作等功能的关键技术，并介绍了四的技术关键。     

干旱区B/S模式水库调度系统设计

利用Visual Studio．NET的优良集成开发环境、采用SQL Server 2000作为B／S计算环境数据库服务器的分布式数据管理系统。针对干旱区水库调度的实际特点，选择了适合当地实际特点的预报、调度模型，考虑到该系统维护、升级的需要，系统采用组件技术，对各子系统进行功能分区，模块化处理。系统具备基本信息接收、存储和查询，洪水预报，水位预报，水库调度，成果管理和数据库管理等主要功能。系统界面简洁、友好，功能适用，方便操作。结合实例展示了系统的在干旱区的应用情况以及在进一步推广应用前景。