温光胁迫对黄瓜产量和品质的影响

本试验采用4种温光管理方式,研究苗期不同温光条件对日光温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明,低温弱光处理A(日平均温度16℃,日平均光照强度504μmol.m-2.s-1)、B(日平均温度19℃,日平均光照强度385μmol.m-2.s-1)、C(日平均温度19℃,日平均光照强度504μmol.m-2.s-1)、D(日平均温度16℃,日平均光照强度385μmol.m-2.s-1)中处理C黄瓜产量、单瓜重、果长、果粗、果皮厚度、瓜把长最大;处理C的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量也最高;单株结瓜数、单株分支数最小;其中单瓜重、瓜把长、单株结瓜数、单株分枝数与其他处理差异显著。     

黄瓜幼苗Rubisco与Rubisco活化酶对光强的响应

以津优3号幼苗为试材,研究弱光(LL:100 μmol· m-2·s-1)、亚弱光(SL:300 μmol·m-2·s-1)下黄瓜幼苗光合速率(Pn)、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化/加氧酶(Rubisco)、Rubisco活化酶(RCA)活性及其基因表达量的变化.结果表明,11d弱光处理后,黄瓜幼苗叶片的Pn、Rubis...     

Photodegradation of emamectin benzoate and its influence on efficacy against the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis

Emamectin benzoate, a novel insecticide with characteristics of translaminar movement into plant leaf tissue, was derived from the avermectin family with improved thermal stability, greater water solubility and a broader spectrum of insecticidal activity than avermectin. To quantify UV photodegradation of emamectin benzoate, HPLC analysis was conducted to quantify residues of MAB1a, the major component in emamectin benzoate, after exposure to UV light for different lengths of time. Results showed both MAB1a concentration and length of UV light exposure (0-120 h) had significant impacts on photodegradation rate. The degradation rate increased as exposure duration increased, but decreased as initial MAB1a concentration increased. Four UV protectants, kojic acid, sodium ligninsulfonate, soybean lecithin and milk, were evaluated for their effect on UV degradation. Results showed that kojic acid could effectively reduce the photodegradation of MAB1a. In addition, the photodegradation of emamectin benzoate was also examined for its influence on the efficacy against the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. The results of the bioassays were consistent with those of HPLC analysis. The initial concentration of emamectin benzoate and exposure duration to UV light both had significant influences on the efficacy against C. suppressalis. As the UV exposure time increased, the efficacy of emamectin benzoate against C. suppressalis decreased. The results indicated that UV photodegradation has a significant effect on the efficacy of emamectin benzoate against C. suppressalis and the effect is concentration-dependant. In addition to understanding the critical factor of UV exposure length, this study also showed that maintaining emamectin benzoate concentration above a certain level in the formulation and the application solution, and applying UV protectants may reduce photodegradation and increase efficacy against target pests.     

景宁惠明茶溯源与产业发展历程

产于浙南山区的惠明茶,因其品质特优,1915年在巴拿马万国博览会上荣获金奖,从此名扬四海。本文阐述了景宁惠明茶的历史渊源与茶产业的发展历程以及成为当地农民致富的支柱产业。     

Improvement of growth and gymnemic acid production by altering the macro elements concentration and nitrogen source supply in cell suspension cultures of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br

Gymnema sylvestre is an important medicinal plant which bears bioactive compound namely gymnemic acids. The present work deals with optimization of cell suspension culture system of G. sylvestre for the production of biomass and gymnemic acid and we investigated effects of macro elements (NH₄NO₃, KNO₃, CaCl₂, MgSO₄ and KH₂PO₄ - 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0× strength) and nitrogen source [NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratio of: 0.00/18.80, 7.19/18.80, 14.38/18.80, 21.57/18.80, 28.75/18.80, 14.38/0.00, 14.38/9.40, 14.38/18.80, 14.38/28.20 and 14.38/37.60 (mM)] of Murashige and Skoog medium on accumulation of biomass and gymnemic acid content. The highest accumulation of biomass (165.00 g l⁻¹ FW and 15.42 g l⁻¹ DW) was recorded in the medium with 0.5× concentration of NH₄NO₃ and the highest production of gymnemic acid content was recorded in the medium with 2.0× KH₂PO₄ (11.32 mg g⁻¹ DW). The NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratio also influenced cell growth and gymnemic acid production; both parameters were greater when the NO₃⁻ concentration was higher than that of NH₄⁺. Maximum biomass growth (159.72 g l⁻¹ of FW and 14.95 g l⁻¹ of DW) was achieved at an NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratio of 7.19/18.80, and gymnemic acid production was also greatest at the same concentration of NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratio (11.35 mg g⁻¹ DW).     

Evaluation of apparent digestibility coefficients of individual feed ingredients in spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869)

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for dry matter, crude protein, energy and essential amino acids for five commonly used feed ingredients were determined for juvenile spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus (average body weight 90.6 g). ADCs were determined using the stripping technique to collect faeces after fish were fed a reference diet and test diets composed of 700 g kg^?1 reference diet and 300 g kg^?1 test ingredient. Chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) was used as an inert indicator. Ingredients tested included sardine fishmeal (FM), canola meal (CM), tuna by‐products meal (TBM), poultry by‐product meal pet grade (PBM‐PG) and solvent‐extracted soybean meal (SBM). In general, all ingredients showed high digestibility values for all essential amino acids, although differences were detected among ingredients. ADC values for dry matter, protein and energy ranged 77.0–80.4%, 84.3–82.5% and 89–88.8%, respectively, for marine ingredient and land‐based animal protein sources, and 75.0–74.2%, 81.5–80.9% and 87.4–86.8%, respectively, for the plant‐based protein source. SBM, TBM and PBM‐PG should be further evaluated in feeding trials as partial FM replacements in rose snapper L. guttatus diets. Knowledge of ADC values for these ingredients will allow feed producers to develop nutritionally balanced, low‐cost feed formulations for this species.     

Operational Analysis of Open Untreated Sewage Source Heat Pump System

The effective sewage intake technology is prerequisite for the untreated sewage source heat pump system to run steadily. In terms of the insufficiency of current sewage intake technologies, an open sewage intake integration technology is proposed. The mathematical model and the distinguish basis of critical state are established for the sewage intake characteristic by defining some important operating parameters, such as the blocking coefficient, the contamination density and the section coefficient. Furthermore, the change rule of each critical operation parameter is observed along with the various initial parameters. The result can provide the theoretical basis to design the open intake integration technology.     

不同比例红蓝光对生菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以罗马生菜种子为材料,研究了6种不同比例的红(R)蓝(B)光质(2R/1B,4R/1B,8R/1B,1R/2B,1R/4B,1R/8B)对生菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明: 与对照的白光相比,以红光为主的复合光处理(2R/1B,4R/1B,8R/1B)促进种子萌发效果明显,其发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均显著高于对照。红蓝复合光对生菜幼苗的形态建成、根系活力、叶片色素含量和叶绿素荧光均有促进作用,以红光为主的复合光处理促进效果优于以蓝光为主的复合光处理。在以红光为主的复合光处理中,2R/1B,4R/1B处理对生菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的促进效果优于8R/1B。总之,不同红蓝光比例显著影响了生菜种子萌发及幼苗生长,其中以2R/1B和4R/1B处理最优。     

紫花苜蓿在维护我国食物安全中的作用

在近20年的时间里,我国居民的膳食结构发生了很大改变,居民口粮消费逐渐下降,饲料粮占粮食总量的比重逐年增加,同时居民对肉类消费稳定增长,特别是牛羊肉、禽肉和奶制品消费增长较快。居民膳食结构的改变要求传统的粮食种植结构做出相应的调整。紫花苜蓿作为优良的豆科牧草,不仅是畜牧业的发展保障,还可以起到肥土丰田的作用,在种植结构调整的背景下,从我国目前粮食安全现状与问题、食物安全面临的困境,阐述了在保障我国粮食安全的前提下,将紫花苜蓿纳入到现行的轮作系统的优势和存在问题,预见了可能存在的风险并给出解决措施。     

光强对萱藻孢子萌发、幼苗早期发育及附生藻类动态变化的影响

模拟萱藻育苗条件,以萱藻丝状体为材料,沙滤天然海水作为培养液,研究了光照强度[7.2~126.0μmol/(m2·s)]对萱藻孢子萌发、幼苗早期发育及附生藻类动态变化的影响。结果显示:(1)本实验条件下,萱藻孢子萌发的适宜光强范围为27.0~72.0μmol/(m2·s)。其中,在45.0μmol/(m2·s)条件下,萱藻孢子萌发率较高,并在放散后的第16天萌发率达到(44.44%±11.00%);(2)在本实验条件下,萱藻幼苗早期生长的适宜光强范围为36.0~54.0μmol/(m2·s),其中45.0μmol/(m2·s)最适宜萱藻幼苗的生长,且附生藻类密度最低,孢子放散后第34天附生藻类密度为(38.4±0.6)×104个/cm2;(3)本研究共鉴定出附生藻类2门13属29种,主要优势种为碎片菱形藻、小伪菱形藻、艳绿颤藻、膨胀色球藻、耳形藻和新月菱形藻。其中碎片菱形藻在7.2~18.0μmol/(m2·s)条件下呈指数增长,而耳形藻与新月菱形藻在27.0~126.0μmol/(m2·s)条件下呈指数增长。研究表明,萱藻孢子萌发和幼苗早期发育的最佳光强为45.0μmol/(m2·s),且在萱藻育苗过程中应重点防治的附生藻类为耳形藻与新月菱形藻。