近58a本溪山区蒸发量变化特征及影响因子通径分析

利用本溪市草河口气象站1953—2010年蒸发量、气温、降水量、日照、风速、水汽压等资料,采用气候趋势分析和通径分析方法,对本溪山区近58 a蒸发量及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明,本溪山区年蒸发量呈明显增加趋势,其线性倾向率为25.64 mm/10 a,6种气象因素对蒸发的决定程度按大小排序依次为:降水量饱和差气温年较差年平均气温风速日照时数,年降水量与其他因子的协同作用对蒸发量的决定作用也很大。蒸发量增加是由本溪山区日照减少、风速减小、暖干化趋势造成的。     

油茶林土壤微生物量氮和酶活性的时空变异与影响因素

土壤微生物特性可反映油茶林土壤质量的优劣。为了解油茶林土壤微生物量氮（ SMBN）与酶活性时空变异机制,选取赣西地区油茶幼龄林（1和6年龄）、中龄林（10年龄）、成熟林（30和50年龄以上）为对象,对比分析了不同林龄、季节、土壤层次油茶林土壤SMBN和土壤蛋白酶、脲酶活性的异同。结果表明,林龄、季节和土壤层次对SMBN与酶活性的影响分别达显著水平（ P＜0．01）。其中土壤SMBN、蛋白酶、脲酶活性均为中龄林和成熟林大于幼龄林。 SMBN表现为冬、春季小于夏、秋季;蛋白酶活性为夏季高,春、秋季次之,冬季低;而脲酶活性为冬季高,春、秋季次之,夏季低。 RDA 分析表明,油茶人工林土壤碱解氮和水分能有助于增加SMBN,pH值降低会抑制脲酶活性,而养分对蛋白酶活性的影响不大。综上所述,推断研究区是油茶生长的适宜区,油茶林土壤质量尚处于健康的状态。     

官司河流域7种林分枯落物及土壤层水文效应1）

为定量评估森林水源涵养能力,结合野外采样和浸水试验对官司河流域7种林分枯落物及土壤层水文效应进行比较。结果表明：林分枯落物蓄积量范围为4．49～13．19 t· hm－2,其中马尾松纯林最大,麻栎纯林最小;各林分枯落物最大持水深和有效拦蓄量均表现为未分解层大于半分解层,且纯竹林最大,分别为2．87 mm和9．77 t· hm－2。枯落物层持水量和吸水速率与浸水时间均显著。各林分0～30 cm土壤总孔隙度变化范围为37．1％～54．3％,竹林和松栎混交林的表层土壤有效持水量最大,分别为256．52、44．5 t· hm－2。纯竹林、松栎混交林持水效果较好,可作为水源涵养林得以推广。     

浅山区塘坝养殖方正银鲫试验研究

2002年4月10日～2002年10月15日在方正县选择浅山区塘坝进行方正银鲫养殖试验研究。结果表明：在低温浅山区塘坝进行方正银鲫为主的养殖是可行的，经：170d的养殖，方正银鲫由放养时的l00g到出池时250g，亩利润为1233．4元，同时，搭配大规格鲢鳙鱼，可取得高产高效的养殖效果。     

Insights into an undescribed high-elevation lake (6,170 m a.s.l.) on Volcán Llullaillaco: A physical and microbiological view

1. High elevation lakes are extreme ecosystems and serve as sentinels of various global changes.
2. An expedition to Volcán Llullaillaco in 1996 discovered an unstudied high-elevation lake (6,170 m a.s.l.) that probably was formed as a result of the past eruptive events or climatic processes such as glacial retreat in the lake basin.
3. This article describes an initial physical characterization of the lake and its microbial communities derived from two sampling expeditions in 2013 and 2016.
4. The microbial community in the lake, with an area between 1.2 and 1.4 ha and a depth of 6.8 m, was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Haloarchaea. In addition, 26 bacterial isolates were identified within the genera Subtercola, Xylophilus, Rhodanobacter, Mesorhizobium and Pseudomonas.
5. Lago Llullaillaco is one of the highest recorded lakes in the world, and this study highlights the unique microbial diversity of this aquatic ecosystem and the importance of its preservation to understand the complex biological processes under polyextreme conditions.

     

四川盆地丘陵区坡地农林复合系统林带类型、农作物复种方式的选择

针对四川盆地丘陵区农、林业生产特点和坡地农林复合系统特征，运用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ），从结构、功能，效益方面设置评价指标，分别对系统中的６种林带类型和１０种农作物复种方式进行综合评价，结果提出了３种较好的林带类型（即桤、柏混交和栎，柏混交－灌－草结构的林分以及桤木－草结构的林分）和４种较好的农作物复种方式（即小麦－花生、小麦／西瓜／蔬菜，蚕豆／玉米／红薯和蚕豆／西瓜／红薯等）；为该区坡地农林复合系统     

浦城县竹山可持续利用研究

竹林是浦城县的一大资源优势。然而由于不合理利用,导致全县竹林整体质量不高,竹山水土流失严重。因此,应通过加强领导,抓好各项工作的落实;夯实资源培育基础,全面提高竹林经营管理水平;开展竹山生态修复,让资源永续利用;完善竹山经营责任制,搞活竹山经营权流转机制;加大产品开发力度,树立品牌意识,提高市场占有率和制定有关优惠政策和措施,扶持重点产业建设等措施,使竹林生态系统得以稳固,以实现浦城县竹山的可持续利用。     

半干旱黄土丘陵区旱作农业高产综合耕作栽培技术探讨

本文根据多年的科学研究和生产实践，结合当地实际情况，浅析了旱作农业高产高效耕作栽培技术措施。     

Community‐Based Rehabilitation of Mountain Terraces in Cyprus

Participatory methods and community‐based approaches have an important role to play in combating land degradation. This paper follows a well‐defined participatory framework to identify key stakeholders and to select Sustainable Land Management approaches for reducing soil erosion and land degradation in the Troodos Mountains of Cyprus. Among the options suggested and evaluated by stakeholders, terrace rehabilitation had the best overall performance, followed by crop diversification and afforestation. Stakeholders agreed that the rehabilitation of dry‐stone terraces was the preferred option, as it is a practice with high environmental benefits and fits well in the local socio‐cultural context, despite the higher cost compared to other options. In the first year of implementing the approach, three mountain communities co‐organised hands‐on terrace maintenance events, engaging more than 160 people in rehabilitation activities. The community‐based approach has sparked the interest of people within and beyond the research site, and another series of events is scheduled for the coming season. This outcome indicates that social innovations can benefit from the integration of local and scientific knowledge, while participatory process can enhance the self‐confidence and organisational structures of local communities. Sustaining and enhancing the impact of the approach in the long‐run require developing local terrace maintenance institutions, actively engaging the youth in terrace management and improving the profitability of mountain farming through the differentiation of local products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

梯田田坎水分耗散及其对作物产量的影响初探

通过对陕北丘陵沟壑区梯田土壤水分及作物产量监测结果的分析，认为田坎水分蒸发对田面土壤水分的减少作用，在距田坎１ｍ距离内是明显的，它使作物单株产量较坡地减少了１８．２％，理论计算表明：１ｍ高田坎水分损失１０．９％，２ｍ高田坎水分损失１１．２％。