The influences of ambient temperature and crude protein levels on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broilers

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ambient temperature, crude protein levels and their interaction on performance and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 216 Arbor Acre broiler chickens (108 males and 108 females) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement and randomly reared at two temperatures (normal temperature: 23 °C; daily cyclic high temperature: 28–32 °C) and fed on three diets with different crude protein levels (153.3, 183.3 or 213.3 g/kg, with constant essential amino acids) from 28 to 42 days of age. Daily cyclic high ambient temperature decreased final body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and serum total protein contents (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008 respectively), but increased feed/gain, mortality, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, serum uric acid contents and serum creatine kinase activity (p = 0.008, p = 0.003, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.003 respectively), irrespective of crude protein levels. At the ambient temperature, reducing crude protein levels resulted in an increase in feed/gain (p < 0.001), but a decrease in serum total protein and uric acid contents. Only serum creatine kinase activity in broiler chickens was interacted by daily cyclic high ambient temperature and dietary crude protein levels (p = 0.003). These results indicated that daily cyclic high ambient temperature had a great effect on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens, whereas dietary crude protein levels affected them partially.     

阶段性极端高温对七星瓢虫生长发育和繁殖的影响

为明确极端高温天气对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata生长发育和繁殖的影响,通过模拟田间高温发生情况,设置6h极端高温(36℃和39℃)与不同持续时间(1d和3d)对七星瓢虫卵和成虫进行胁迫,以25℃恒温饲养处理为对照,观察统计其发育历期、存活率、繁殖力及子代孵化率。结果表明,在相同高温胁迫模式下,七星瓢虫成虫的耐热性要明显高于卵,如在39℃处理1d后,卵和成虫的存活率分别为52.09%和93.94%;处理温度越高,高温持续时间越长,七星瓢虫卵的存活率越低,36℃处理1、3d和39℃处理1、3d后卵的存活率依次为71.31%、62.87%、52.09%和24.98%。七星瓢虫卵经39℃处理3d后,其孵化1龄幼虫的发育历期为2.77d,显著长于对照组(2.11d),其余龄期幼虫的发育历期、整个幼虫期和蛹期与对照组均无显著差异,说明七星瓢虫发育前期经历极端高温可能会导致其发育后期生长加速,出现生长补偿现象。卵期受极端高温的影响要显著大于成虫期,卵和成虫在39℃处理1d后的单雌产卵量分别为42.67粒和139.79粒;所有高温处理组的子代卵孵化率均显著低于对照组(85.42%),介于0~64.13%之间。另外,各高温处理组的种群趋势指数在5.26~56.02之间,均低于对照组(78.76)。表明夏季极端高温天气频发可能导致七星瓢虫种群数量减少,不建议此时期在田间释放七星瓢虫卵进行害虫防控。     

杀线虫苏云金芽胞杆菌NBIN-863高含量悬浮剂的研制

目前我国微生物农药原药生产技术已达到甚至超过发达国家水平,但制剂技术却存在较大差距,主要体现在剂型结构不合理、制剂质量差、农药助剂种类及品种少、剂型加工工艺总体水平还比较落后等方面。苏云金芽胞杆菌（Bt）等功能微生物产品的市场容量及应用效果与剂型是密切相关的。为了明确新型生物杀线剂NBIN-863的最佳施用剂型,特开展此试验。通过对防腐剂、分散剂、悬浮剂等不同助剂的选择,研制了一种高含量Bt悬浮剂（5.2×10⁹～7.9×10⁹CFU/mL）。配方优化试验表明,在Bt发酵液中加入0.4%防腐剂山梨酸钾、1.0%分散剂硅酸镁铝、4.0%悬浮剂木质素磺酸钙,用盐酸调节pH至4.5,54℃热储前芽胞数最高为7.9×10⁹ CFU/mL,对秀丽隐杆线虫活性最高,LC₅₀为2.83 mg/L,对黄瓜根结线虫田间防效达68.64%。综合各指标,尤其是对秀丽隐杆线虫的半致死浓度,杀线虫NBIN-863悬浮剂（7.9×10⁹ CFU/mL）效果最好,不仅流动性好,而且耐贮藏,是防治作物根结线虫病的理想药剂。     

云厚朴SFE-CO2萃取物中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的热稳定性考察

温度是影响云厚朴提取物稳定性的主要因素,本研究考察云厚朴提取物的热稳定性。采用高效液相色谱法,测定云厚朴SFE-CO2(二氧化碳超临界流体萃取)工艺萃取物中的和厚朴酚、厚朴酚在不同温度干燥时的含量变化并得出降解规律,干燥时降解为一级反应,在100 ℃降解较快。采用恒温加速实验,得出SFE-CO2萃取液中的和厚朴酚、厚朴酚室温25 ℃贮存期分别为1 125.6 h和975.7 h。在制剂生产中,云厚朴SFE-CO2萃取物不宜长时间贮存,以减少有效成分损失;由于热不稳定性,高温干燥会导致制剂质量不稳定,降低药效,应在较低温度下干燥。     

云南高原粳稻抗白叶枯病新品系云资抗21号的选育

以高产优质的云南高原粳稻品种滇系4号为轮回亲本，以IRBB21为白叶枯病抗性基因Xa21的供体亲本，通过杂交和3次回交以及5次自交形成BC3F，代材料，并结合后代材料的白叶枯病抗性鉴定及农艺性状的评价选择，选育出高原粳稻新品系云资抗21号，对云资抗21号的21个单株采用与Xa21连锁标记RM21和RM229、以及22个独立分离的SSR标记进行检测，结果表明这21个单株在RM21位点上均为IRBB21的纯合基因型，在RM229位点上有1个单株显示为轮回亲本的纯合基因型，其余的20个单株均为IRBB21的纯合基因型，而在其余22个SSR标记位点上均显示为轮回亲本的纯合基因型。该新品系白叶枯病抗性与IRBB21相近，农艺性状与轮回亲本相似，具有很好的应用前景。     

Stability Analysis on Excavated High Slope of Mozong River Power Station in Wulong

The subject matter of this paper is to analyze the stability of excavated high slope. On the base of typical engineering case in Wulong, Chongqing, the geological conditions and potential failure pattern of the high slope are discussed. Then, the limit equilibrium method and the stereographic projection method are used to synthetically analyze the stability of excavated high slope. As a result, it indicates that the stability of the high slope in insufficient and some retaining structures ought to be adopted for the high slope as soon as possible.     

Artificial Neural Networks Models for Flow Stress during High Temperature Plastic Deformation of Al-Li Alloy

Using gained experimental data to develop the models of stable flow stresses at high temperature plastic deformation by statistical methods for alloy materials, precision of the models is poor and at the same time the processes of modeling are complicated with great workload. On the basis of the data obtained on Gleeble-1500 Thermal Simulator,the predicting models for the relation between stable flow stress during high temperature plastic deformation and deformation strain, strain rate and temperature for 1420 Al-Li alloy have been developed with BP Artificial Neural Network method. The results show that the model on basis of BPNN is practical and it reflects the real feature of the deforming process. It states that the difference between the real value and the output of the model is in order of 5 percent.     

Influence of HVDC System on the Shaft of Hydro-generator Unit

Widely concerns of the influence of the HVDC system on the Three Gorges power station have been shown so far. Based on the understanding of the mechanism of the non-characteristic harmonics introduced by HVDC system, the influence of interharmonics on the shaft of hydro-generator unit is studied. A MATLAB simulation model for the Three Gorges hybrid AC and DC transmission system with considering the effect of generator-unit shaft is established. Through time-domain simulation, the influence of the minor-associated component of interharmonics on the generator-unit shaft is analyzed, which arise from the asynchronous operation of the HVDC system. Also, the complex torque coefficient method in frequency-domain is used to analyze this problem. Same conclusions can be drawn from the results of timedomain and frequency-domain analyses.