Tanjungides A and B: New Antitumoral Bromoindole Derived Compounds from Diazona cf formosa. Isolation and Total Synthesis

Tanjungides A (1) (Z isomer) and B (2) (E isomer), two novel dibrominated indole enamides, have been isolated from the tunicate Diazona cf formosa. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including HRMS, and extensive 1D and 2D NMR. The stereochemistry of the cyclised cystine present in both compounds was determined by Marfey’s analysis after chemical degradation and hydrolysis. We also report the first total synthesis of these compounds using methyl 1H-indole-3-carboxylate as starting material and a linear sequence of 11 chemical steps. Tanjungides A and B exhibit significant cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines.     

Chemistry and Biology of Bengamides and Bengazoles,Bioactive Natural Products from Jaspis Sponges

Sponges corresponding to the Jaspidae family have proved to be a prolific source of bioactive natural products. Among these, the bengamides and the bengazoles stand out by virtue of their unprecedented molecular architectures and impressive biological profiles, including antitumor, antibiotic and anthelmintic properties. As a consequence, intense research activity has been devoted to these compounds from both chemical and biological standpoints. This review describes in detail the research into these classes of natural products and the benefits they offer in chemistry and biology.     

Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering for Marine Carotenoids: New Opportunities and Future Prospects

Carotenoids are a class of diverse pigments with important biological roles such as light capture and antioxidative activities. Many novel carotenoids have been isolated from marine organisms to date and have shown various utilizations as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. In this review, we summarize the pathways and enzymes of carotenoid synthesis and discuss various modifications of marine carotenoids. The advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for carotenoid production are also reviewed, in hopes that this review will promote the exploration of marine carotenoid for their utilizations.     

白桦次生林4个林龄0～30cm土层水源涵养功能比较

以小兴安岭地区白桦次生林4个林龄为研究对象,对其凋落物持水量、土壤贮水性能、土壤特性等进行研究.试验表明：4个林龄凋落物的蓄积量和最大持水量是70 a为最低,40 a为最大;土壤非毛管孔隙度在各林龄间变化呈波动性,30 a白桦次生林0～30 cm土层非毛管孔隙最小,不利于水分下渗,40 a白桦次生林0～ 30 cm土层非毛管孔隙最大,有利于降水的下渗,土壤水源涵养功能大小排序为40 a（3 276.820 t·hm-2）＜30 a（3 434.626 t·hm-2）＜50 a（3 525.015 t·hm-2）＜70 a（3 629.445 t·hm-2）.     

结实期低温胁迫对水稻强、弱势粒淀粉形成与积累的影响

【目的】研究结实期低温胁迫对水稻强、弱势粒淀粉组分含量、积累速率及关键酶活性的影响,明确淀粉合成关键酶活性变化对淀粉积累速率的调控效应,探究强、弱势粒淀粉形成积累差异对水稻产量的影响。【方法】以耐冷型品种东农428和冷敏型品种松粳10为试验材料,设置1个常温处理(白天温度28℃,14h/夜间温度22℃,10 h,7 d)和4个低温处理(17℃,低温处理时间分别为1、3、5、7 d),分析了结实期低温胁迫对强、弱势粒淀粉组分积累、合成关键酶活性、水稻产量及构成因素的影响,并探讨了灌浆期各阶段淀粉积累差异与酶活性变化的关系。【结果】与对照相比,结实期低温胁迫降低了两个品种水稻强、弱势粒中腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、淀粉分支酶(SBE)的峰值活性以及支链淀粉和总淀粉含量,提高了齐穗后28~38 d 低温处理3、5、7 d的颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性和直链淀粉含量。与对照相比,各低温处理酶活性最高和淀粉积累最快的时间均有不同程度的推迟,低温处理7 d的影响最大,强、弱势粒低温处理7 d的支链淀粉和总淀粉含量分别在齐穗后13、18 d降幅最大,直链淀粉含量在28 d增幅最大。相关分析表明,强、弱势粒直链淀粉含量及强势粒支链淀粉、总淀粉含量与其最大积累速率呈极显著正相关,弱势粒支链淀粉、总淀粉含量还受到其最大积累速率出现时间的影响。AGPase、GBSS、SSS、SBE活性变化与淀粉积累速率和积累时间早晚密切相关,对淀粉及淀粉组分含量的变化有着明显的影响。同时,结实期低温胁迫显著降低了水稻的千粒重、结实率和产量,且随低温处理天数的增加降幅逐渐增大。结实期低温胁迫对弱势粒中淀粉合成关键酶活性变化影响大于强势粒,弱势粒淀粉合成积累减慢,含量降低,导致水稻千粒重显著下降,产量降低。【结论】就品种而言,耐冷型东农428具有较高的淀粉合成关键酶活性,淀粉及其组分含量较高,在低温胁迫下产量能维持在较高的水平。因此,强、弱势粒淀粉合成关键酶活性对淀粉合成起着非常关键的调控作用,淀粉组分和含量及其变化对产量有着十分重要的影响。     

低温胁迫下冬小麦JA合成相关基因的研究

植物激素JA在植物响应低温胁迫中发挥重要的作用。本课题组前期研究发现,东农冬麦1号(Dn1)的强抗寒性与JA信号转导有关,为了探讨Dn1抗寒性的提高是否与内源JA合成基因的表达有关,以Dn1为试验材料,外施MeJA处理,对不同温度胁迫下JA合成基因(TaLOX1、TaLOX2、TaLOX3、TaAOS、TaAOC、TaOPR2、TaLOX2A、TaLOX2B和TaLOX2D)的表达量进行实时荧光定量分析,并结合生物信息学分析对TaLOX2A、TaLOX2B和TaLOX2D蛋白功能进行预测。结果表明,低温胁迫提高了Dn1分蘖节中TaLOX1、TaLOX3、TaAOC和TaOPR2的相对表达量,在-10℃表达量达到最大值;外源MeJA处理显著提高了0℃下分蘖节中TaLOX1、TaLOX2、TaLOX3、TaAOS、TaAOC的相对表达量;TaLOX2A、TaLOX2B和TaLOX2D基因均位于小麦5号染色体上,编码的蛋白均定位于细胞质中,属无规则卷曲蛋白,结构相似,保守结构域相同,蛋白功能相同或相似。本研究为进一步揭示JA合成基因在冬小麦响应抗寒中的作用奠定了基础。     

Fungal biodegradation of a phenylurea herbicide,diuron : structure and toxicity of metabolites

Microbial degradation, organic synthesis and ecotoxicology were used to investigate the fate of diuron after spreading on soils. Quantitative biodegradation assays were performed with fungal strains, showing that diuron was degraded but not entirely mineralized. The modifications observed consisted in demethylation of the terminal nitrogen atom. The identified metabolites were synthesized in sufficient amounts to confirm their structures and determine their non‐target toxicity using four biotests. The two metabolites exhibited higher effects than parent diuron. This limited biodegradability and potential aquatic toxicity suggest that diuron is of higher environmental concern than previously recognized. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯的合成及应用

研究了一种以L-抗坏血酸和棕榈酸为原料,合成出L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯(AP)的改进方法,产率为86%。并探讨了AP作为抗氧剂在棉籽油中的应用,结果表明AP的抗氧效果优于BHA和BHT。     

食品防霉剂富马酸二甲酯的合成

以四氯化锡为催化剂,马来酸酐和甲醇为原料,采用"一锅法"催化合成富马酸二甲酯。考察了反应时间、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂的用量对产率的影响,并进行了正交实验设计。结果表明:醇酸摩尔比对产率的影响高度显著,当甲醇与马来酸酐的摩尔比为15∶1,四氯化锡质量分数0.8g,回流反应时间2.5h,产率达88.72%。通过熔点测试和红外光谱分析,确定合成产物即是富马酸二甲酯。