滩地淹水胁迫对杨树生长与木材显微结构的影响

对5种不同淹水时间类型滩地1～10年生杨树单株材积生长动态进行了分析.结果表明:不同类型之间单株材积生长量均存在显著差异,且随着林龄增长,其差异逐步减小;不同淹水胁迫下,当年年轮宽度、纤维细胞数量、木材基本密度均存在显著差异,纤维长度和宽度差异不显著;杨树年轮宽度与径向纤维细胞数、导管数、径向纤维比量呈正相关;随淹水胁迫程度加深,当年形成层细胞分裂受到了显著抑制,纤维细胞以及导管数量减少,林木径向生长量下降,径向导管比量提高,纤维比量下降,细胞壁腔比减小,木材密度明显降低.对5种淹水类型滩地的林木生长进行了系统聚类,合并划分为4种生长类型,对其中3种常规造林宜林类型杨树生长潜力进行了预测.     

我国南方湿地松木材物理力学性质变异初探

我国南方五省区湿地松木材的密度、晚材率和各项力学强度,随纬度的增加,呈递减状态。纬度与气干容重之间的直线回归方程为:G=1.28—0.027L,相关系数r=0.984.产生此现象的主要原因是,木材的管胞宽度和厚度随着纬度的增加逐渐变窄、变薄。产地的年平均气温和年降水量对湿地松树木的年轮宽度和晚材带宽度影响较大;年轮和晚材带的平均宽度随产地自北向南依次增加,随着山地海拔的升高而减小。     

The variation of tree-ring widths of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) affected by air pollution

Using eight populations of Scots pine growing in foothills of the Sudetes (southern Poland) as an example, the character and causes of annual ring variation in 1900–1999 were studied. The climate had a short-term effect on radial growth during the whole period investigated. A long-term decrease of radial growth occurred after 1960, but only in some localities. It was probably caused by non-climatic factors, most likely by industrial pollution. The decline of trees during that period is mainly evidenced by a high variation of width of annual rings, a small similarity of chronologies of annual ring widths, and a lack of signal years. After 1990, the tree recovery process was evident. It was most intensive in localities where the earlier stress was the most severe. Then, trees started to produce wide annual rings, homogeneity of the growth reaction increased, and the signal years began to occur.     

构造柱施工质量的几项控制措施的一点体会

本文作者介绍了构造柱的设置、施工程序等 ,并且对其施工质量常出现的问题提出了几项控制措施。     

钻孔灌注桩施工事故预防及处理的几点体会

文章介绍了在砂砾土质钻孔塌孔的预防及处理方法，还介绍了首罐砼灌注及断桩处理方法。     

Pilot Study to Examine Radial Variation in Annual Ring Width, Density and Shrinkage

The annual ring width, density and shrinkage variation from pith to bark in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Boka sugi (Cryptomeria japonicd) were studied and compared. The results show that the ring width decreased sharply from pith to bark for Chinese fir. However, the ring width variation pattern for Boka sugi followed a different way, i.e., the ring width decreased to the fifth ring, increased to the tenth ring, decreased again to the fifteenth, and then increased to the twentieth, where it became constant. The large variations of Boka sugi appeared to show the maintenance of fast growth for many years. The annual ring mean density of Chinese fir increased gradually from pith to bark. However, the density changes for Boka sugi indicated the opposite trend, i.e., the mean density decreased gradually from pith to bark. The former showed a pattern as the same as a pine and a larch, and the latter was often found in a cedar and a cypress. The longitudinal shrinkage in juvenile wood was much hig     

Compressive failure of spruce wood rings reinforced with glass epoxy composite

We experimentally tested under radial compressive loads and statistically analyzed rings constructed from spruce wood and reinforced with glass fiber.We used the Weibull distribution in statistical analysis,and tested five types of rings including unreinforced and composite reinforced(CR) as wound around the ring,oriented as two layers at angles of 45°,60°,75° and 90° to the column axis.We calculated 95 % reliability of load carrying capacity of the rings by Weibull distribution.The highest load carrying capacity was obtained with CR rings at 60° to the axial axis of the ring.Load carrying capacities of rings at CR90,CR75,CR60 and CR45 were 137,192,215 and 126 %greater,respectively,than unreinforced rings.For unreinforced rings,failures resulted from catastrophic breaking of wood materials.None of the reinforced rings failed catastrophically because the outer surface of the rings was reinforced with glass–epoxy composite fiber.Cracks began at the core of the materials under the composite layer for all specimens and resulted in failure of the rings.     

拉枝、环割(剥)对干旱荒漠区富士苹果成花坐果的影响

【目的】研究拉枝、环割(剥)对干旱荒漠区富士苹果成花坐果的影响,为干旱荒漠区富士苹果促花促果技术的推广提供依据。【方法】以4年生富士苹果幼树为试材,采用拉枝+主枝环剥和拉枝+主枝、主干环割的方式促花促果。【结果】富士苹果幼树的树高较对照显著降低,冠径较对照显著减小,中心延长枝与主枝延长枝长度较对照显著缩短;1年生枝量分别是对照的1.99和2.59倍,短枝率分别比对照增加了20.87和23.42个百分点;单株成花率分别比对照增加了43.00和47.00个百分点,单株花芽量分别是对照的3.59和4.68倍,单株花序坐果率分别比对照增加了6.47和8.07个百分点;新梢叶片的叶长、叶宽及叶面积较对照显著减小,叶绿素SPAD值较对照显著降低。【结论】拉枝+主枝环剥和拉枝+主枝、主干环割处理既可控制富士苹果幼树的树冠大小,抑制新梢生长,增加枝量,促生短枝;又可提高单株、主枝以及长、中、短枝的花芽量、成花率、坐果率;还能抑制新梢叶片的生长和叶绿素的合成,其中以拉枝+主枝、主干环割处理的促花效果更好。