新疆伽师瓜籽油提取及脂肪酸成分分析

[目的]研究伽师瓜籽油微波提取工艺,对所得油脂成分进行分析,为新疆伽师瓜籽资源开发利用提供参考.[方法]用正交试验法优选微波提取工艺条件,采用气相色谱质谱联用技术分析伽师瓜籽油脂肪酸成分.[结果]优化后,微波辅助提取伽师瓜籽油得率为46.13;,其脂肪酸主要成分为棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸和硬脂酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为80.85;,亚油酸含量高达62.56;.[结论]与传统索氏提取工艺相比,微波提取伽师瓜籽油工艺效率更高;与常见食用油相比,伽师瓜籽油含更多不饱和脂肪酸,是一种极具开发潜力的药食两用保健植物资源.     

Relative importance of seed‐tuber and soilborne inoculum in causing black dot disease of potato

Controlled‐environment and field experiments were done to quantify the individual contribution of seed‐tuber and soilborne inoculum of Colletotrichum coccodes in causing black dot disease of potato tubers. Seed‐tuber and soilborne inocula of C. coccodes were quantified using an existing real‐time PCR assay and related to subsequent incidence and severity of disease. In four field trials, a controlled‐environment experiment and through the monitoring of 122 commercial crops, seed‐tuber inoculum was found to be relatively less important than soilborne inoculum in causing black dot, and the level of seed‐tuber inoculum did not significantly affect either the incidence or severity of disease or the percentage of progeny tubers deemed unmarketable. By contrast, soilborne inoculum had the potential to result in high levels of disease and the level of C. coccodes soil infestation (pg DNA g^?1 soil) was found to have a significant effect. At soil infestation levels below 100 pg DNA C. coccodes g^?1 soil, 7% of commercial crops had an incidence of black dot greater than 20%, increasing to 40% and 57% of crops at levels of 100–1000 pg g^?1 and >1000 pg g^?1 soil, respectively. These arbitrary threshold levels for soilborne inoculum related to disease risk are discussed. Interpretation of disease risk based on inoculum levels must, in the future, be informed by agronomic variables and potential control strategies.     

树仔菜植株多糖的提取与测定

采用超声萃取法、浸泡提取法和加热回流提取法进行树仔菜多糖的提取研究,并用苯酚-硫酸法进行多糖含量测定。结果表明,超声萃取法提取效率最高,树仔菜植株中多糖含量为0.36%。该分析方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏度好。     

一种快速高效适于橡胶树叶片AFLP分析的DNA提取方法

以近200个巴西橡胶树种质材料（品种及无性系）幼嫩叶片为材料．采用改良的cTAB法对其基因组总DNA的提取进行了研究。结果表明,该方法提取的DNA溶液无色透明,DD260／DD280的比值均为1．8～2．0,1％琼脂糖凝胶电泳为清晰的一条带,无降解现象,KNA去除干净,能被限制性内切酶完全消化;其AFLP分析（引物EcoRI-TA／MseI—CTT）条带清晰,多态性好,说明此方法提取的巴西橡胶树幼嫩叶片基因组总DNA较适于AFLP分析。     

甘蔗茎RNA提取方法研究（摘要）（英文）

[目的]找出提取甘蔗茎RNA的适宜方法。[方法]采用SDS法、试剂盒法、GHCL法3种方法提取甘蔗茎基因组RNA,并对提取的RNA进行质量比较。[结果]试剂盒法提取的RNA产率高,电泳条带清晰,RNA完整性好,无明显降解,OD260/OD280比值较好。试验操作要点：在RNA的提取过程中必须使操作温度保持在4℃左右（操作时温度可以通过垫加冰块来实现）,从而充分抑制RNase的活性;植物组织称取要适量,将植物组织在液氮中充分研磨后,应在液氮还未充分挥发前将研磨物加入Eppendorf管中,样品要充分研磨,通过加大提取液中变性剂的量防止在此过程中内源RNase将植物组织中RNA降解;在用酚/氯仿/异戊醇抽提及氯仿/异戊醇抽提过程中,吸取上清液时,应尽量小心,不要吸取中间层从而防止酚类、蛋白质类的干扰。此外,提取的RNA还应及时保存于-70℃低温下,避免频繁冻融影响其质量以及RNA的降解。[结论]试剂盒法是有效提取甘蔗茎RNA的方法。该研究为甘蔗的分子生物学研究奠定了基础。     

Protein Extraction Methods for Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis from Baphicacanthus cusia （Nees）Bremek Leaves-A Medicinal Plant with High Contents of Interfering Compounds

Protein extraction is a critical step for two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE）. Different plant samples require different and adaptive protein extraction protocols. The leaves of medicinal plant, Baphicacanthus cusia （Nees） Bremek are notoriously recalcitrant to common protein extraction methods due to high levels of interfering compounds （especially the secondary metabolites and pigments）. This study was aimed to establish a routine procedure for the proteomic analysis ofB. cusia leaves, and a new protocol for the protein extraction was developed by optimizing trichloroacetic acid （TCA）/ acetone extraction method. The efficiency of this protocol was demonstrated by comparison with 3 published protein extraction methods （chloroform/acetone, Mg/NP-40, Tris-base/acetone）. The results showed that the optimized TCA/ acetone precipitation extraction method gave a relatively high protein yield （9.263 mg g^-1 fresh weight）, high-resolution separation, clear protein profiles, the highest proteins spots （1 31 t protein spots）, and displayed less contamination in 2- DE gels. Therefore, the results suggested that the optimized TCA/acetone method was the most effective among the 4 methods for B. cusia leaves.     

固相萃取—高效液相色谱法测定兔血浆中山奈素的含量

兔的血浆样品经过β-葡萄糖醛酸酶和硫酸酯酶酶解、提取、C18固相萃取小柱富集净化后,在Agilent SB-C18柱(250mm×4.6 mm,5μm)上,以甲醇-0.4%磷酸(55∶45)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为360 nm,对山奈素进行测定的结果表明,血浆样品的最佳酶解条件为:β-葡萄糖醛酸酶和硫酸酯酶的终用量分别为400和20 U.mL-1,酶解时间为2h;血浆中山奈素含量的线性范围为0.019-0.608μg.mL-1,方法回收率为80.23%-84.27%,日内和日间精密度的RSD分别≤7.32%、10.17%.可见,本试验建立的高效液相色谱测定方法可以准确、灵敏地测定兔血浆中山奈素的含量,适用于山奈素血药含量检测和药代动力学研究.     

基于RS的冬小麦种植面积提取及最佳时相选择

为探求冬小麦种植面积提取的方法,本研究通过多种图像处理方法对TM数据进行处理,结合实地调查和研究区主要种植作物的物候历,利用TM数据提取了冬小麦的种植面积。同时为了提高解译精度,结合GIS进行了两次目视解译过程,消除了分类器分类会出现的多分和漏分现象。结果表明:通过分类后计算混淆矩阵与地面真实感兴趣区(ROI)进行比较,发现Mahalanobis Distance分类法阈值(最大误差距离)为2.9时分类效果最佳。得到2007年研究区域冬小麦遥感监测面积为560 650 hm2,提取精度达到了95.23%。三个地区以临汾地区提取精度最高,而晋中地区最低。因此利用该方法提取冬小麦种植面积是可行的。     

福州城市边缘区果园土壤Pb Cu分布特征与潜在生态风险评价

采用现场采样及室内分析方法,从水平和垂直角度研究了福州城市边缘区果园土壤Pb、Cu全量及其HCl、DTPA两种浸提态含量分布特征,利用潜在生态风险指数法评价土壤Pb、Cu潜在生态风险。结果表明,福州城市边缘区果园土壤Pb、Cu存在一定程度的污染,且Pb污染比Cu严重,不同浸提态Pb、Cu含量与其全量呈正相关,与pH呈负相关;Pb、Cu潜在生态风险处于轻微程度。     

麦麸提取γ-氨基丁酸工艺的优选

以麦麸为材料,通过正交试验,探讨了提取介质、温度和时间对提取γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响。结果表明,麦麸中提取γ-氨基丁酸的最佳条件为:以水为提取介质(pH=7.0),温度37℃、抽提6 h,每克麦麸可提取到γ-氨基丁酸3.810 mg。