Effect of drying on soil strength and corn emergence

Summary Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drying on soil strength and corn emergence (Zea mays L.). Corn was germinated in Billings silty clay under a bank of heat lamps which operated 9, 14, 19, or 24 h per day. Soil strength (modules of rupture), soil moisture content and emergence were measured daily.The relationship of soil strength to corn seedling emergence as influenced by the four light and heat durations and bare and mulched soil surfaces was determined. As soil strength increased emergence decreased until it ceased at soil strengths of about 80 kPa. Strength of this soil had a high negative correlation with soil water content and increased with time. Mulching decreased initial rate of drying, decreased crust strength, and improved corn emergence. The 14-hour light and heat treatment resulted in the highest corn emergence.Contribution from Colorado State Experiment Station, USDA-ARS Snake River Conservation Research Center, and USDA-ARS Fort Collins, respectively     

The effect of salinity on corn yield using the CERES-maize model

In most cases, when calculating soil water availability, only thewater content is considered. The effect of salinity on the wiltingpoint is neglected. The objective of this work is to use asimulation model (CERES-maize) in order to predict cornyields as a function of water salinity under severalenvironmental, agrotechnical, and plant characteristics. A modelis presented in which the wilting point is a function of the soilsalt content. At high salinity, the water content at wilting pointis higher than at low salinity, resulting in an insufficient amountof available water and, therefore, a reduced yield. The modelwas used to simulate several theoretical and experimentalsituations for forage corn and grain corn. Simulation resultsshowed that nitrogen fertilization increases the salinity thresholdvalue and the yield sensitivity (rate of yield reduction per unitof salinity). The also showed that forage corn is more sensitiveto salinity than grain corn. If the soil is not leached, a heaviersoil texture has a higher salinity threshold value. On the otherhand, if the soil is leached, the soil texture has no influence onthe salinity threshold value and the yield is less sensitive tosalinity in sandy soils. The determination coefficient (r²= 0.75) indicated that the results of the simulations were in goodagreement with the field data.     

穗茎兼收型玉米联合收获机的发展现状与展望

随着我国农业结构的调整和畜牧业的发展，穗茎兼收型玉米联合收获机成为发展热点。为此，总结了该种机型的发展现状，简单介绍了几种较成熟机型的性能及特点。基于现状，论述了穗茎兼收型玉米联合收获机的发展趋势，并指出该种机型具有广阔的发展前景。     

一年两作地区玉米直播机械化技术可行性研究

在山东一年两作的玉米播种中多年来一直沿用了麦田套种的习惯，成为机械化技术的大面积高效率应用的一个障碍。本文在总结山东省各地实践验的基础上，从机械技术的发展、玉米品种的培育和气候变迁等方面研究了实行玉米直播机械化技术的可行性，以期对于适宜地区的玉米生产提供参考。     

玉米收获机的发展前景分析

通过对我国玉米产区的耕作习惯、经济基础、技术水平、自然特点等因素进行分析．指出中国的玉米收获机械化道路不是死胡同，是有光明前途的。当前乡镇经济的发展，使得农村的经济实力得到增强．富裕起来的农民只要看到玉米种植的综合效益，肯定会在农机上投入资金。     

氟磺胺草醚的生物测定方法研究

试验利用对氟磺胺草醚敏感的玉米、向日葵、高粱为指示作物,利用土培法研究了不同条件下,氟磺胺草醚不同浓度对作物的抑制作用,并建立了氟磺胺草醚玉米生物测定方法——玉米株高法.试验结果表明,最佳生物测定条件为在27℃条件下,培养120 h.研究结果对土壤中氟磺胺草醚的快速测定和轮作换茬具有重要意义.     

Use of ammonia electrode for total nitrogen determination in plants

Abstract

An ammonia electrode was evaluated as a means of determining ammonium concentration in semi‐micro Kjeldahl digests of plant samples. Results of the ammonia electrode determination agreed closely with distillation and titration results. Advantages of the electrode method include speed, precision, increased safety, simplicity and the fact that only a small aliquot of the digest is used.     

玉米新品种伟科702在商丘市睢阳区高产创建中的主要栽培技术

介绍了玉米新品种伟科702在商丘市睢阳区高产创建的技术路线,并总结了主要栽培技术,如机械化单粒精播技术、化学调控技术、延时晚收技术等,为河南省玉米高产创建提供技术依据。     

Effect of high rates of zinc on several crops grown on an irrigated plainfield sand

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to determine whether Zn applied for pathogen control could accumulate to a level which would be toxic to snapbeans, cucumbers, or corn. Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) was applied at rates varying from 0 to 363 kg Zn/ha on a Flainfield loamy sand to approximate 3, 9, 27 and 81 years of fungicidal treatment.

Even at the high rate of Zn, yields of snapbeans, cucumbers, or corn generally were not reduced. As rates of applied Zn increased, there was a corresponding increase in the level of Zn in the leaf tissue of all crops grown. At the high Zn rate, snapbean and cucumber leaf tissue accumulated over 350 ppm Zn. Available soil Zn was extracted with 0.1N HCl, EDTA, or DTPA. Highly significant correlations were observed between the Zn removed by each extractant and plant tissue Zn, thus, indicating that the various extractants were equally effective in predicting Zn uptake.

Very little downward movement of Zn was observed. Two and one‐half years after application, the Zn had leached to a depth of only 30 cm in the soil profile at the higher Zn rates.

These data indicate that application of Zn‐containing fungicides and bactericides should not cause a Zn toxicity problem on the Plainfield sand in the foreseeable future.     

基于组态王的玉米果穗烘干监控系统设计

为充分保证种子烘干质量和发芽率，避免种子烘干效率低、人为操作失误等问题，采用研华ADAM4000系列数据采集模块，设计了基于组态王6.53的玉米果穗烘干监控系统，实现了对影响玉米果穗烘干质量的温度、压力数据的采集、处理和监控。在工控机上使用组态王实现了对数据分析处理、故障报警等功能，为提高果穗烘干质量提供了技术保障。应用情况表明，系统运行稳定可靠，人机界面友好，能够满足监控系统实时性、可靠性的要求。