北京市水土流失重点防治区划分及防治对策

 北京山区水土流失严重,山洪、泥石流灾害时有发生。根据防护目的、土壤侵蚀强度和土壤侵蚀潜在危险度等,应用地理信息系统技术,采用人机交互判读分析方法,将水土流失防治区划分为重点预防保护区、重点监督区和重点治理区,并提出北京地区水土流失防治对策。     

食品包装学采用地域化教学模式的实例

为了更好地适应地区经济发展特色和社会需求,在食品包装学的教学模式中注重地域化的案例展示、实验编排、调研认识和知识结构贯通,形成开放性教学资源和地域性教学模式并肩发展的良性循环,不仅可以提高课程整体的教学质量,使学生乐学好学,更能培养出符合国家对新疆建设需求的本土科技人才,促进区域经济的发展。     

广西贺州市脐橙种植气候区划

与国内外脐橙优产区相比,贺州市热量条件对脐橙生产更具优势。但复杂的地形地貌使市内各地在湿度、最高气温等气候要素差异较大,影响当地脐橙产量及品质。通过分析贺州市气候特点,结合脐橙生长发育对气候条件要求,确定了贺州市脐橙适宜种植气候指标,在GIS技术下绘制出贺州市脐橙适宜种植气候区划专题图。通过对专题图中的最适宜、适宜、次适宜、不适宜区气候区域气候论述,为贺州市脐橙生产的优化布局提供气候依据。     

主成分聚类分析在县域生态经济分区中的应用——以东营市河口区为例

生态经济分区是宏观管理区域社会经济发展的一种新的模式.在介绍县域生态经济分区原则与方法的基础上,以东营市河口区为例,首先从资源环境、社会、经济3方面共选取27个指标构建了分区指标体系,然后以乡镇为样本进行主成分分析,再利用提取的主因子作为新的综合变量,并以各主因子得分矩阵为新的综合变量数据进行聚类分析,在考虑地形地貌和区域特征的基础上将该县域划分为4个生态经济区.在分析各生态经济区基本情况的基础上为各区经济发展方向提出了建议.     

河北省土壤水资源划区探讨

综述了土壤水和土壤水资源的概念以及土壤水资源划区的意义,以土壤的地带性规律为基础,与农业综合区划相协调并保持乡级行政区界的完整性为划区原则,提出了河北省土壤水资源的划区方案.即河北省土壤水资源分为区、亚区和片3级,共划分为7个土壤水资源区、14个土壤水资源亚区和28个土壤水资源片.     

重庆市雷电灾害易损性风险综合评估与区划

利用重庆市2006-2008年ADTD雷电监测资料和1999-2008年雷电灾害统计数据,选取雷击密度M、雷电灾害频数P、经济损失模数D和生命易损模数L作为雷电灾害易损性风险评估指标,计算出各区县雷灾易损性分析指标值,然后采用5级分区法对各指标进行分级并确定其分级标准,获得各区县的易损性等级值.在此基础上对各区县易损性等级值进行累加,并取平均值为该区县易损性综合评估指标值,再采用5级分区法对重庆市雷电灾害综合易损性进行区划,同时结合风险区划结果对环境背景进行了分析,得到不同风险区的主要影响因素.     

桐梓县方竹生长的气候条件及区划

结合调查资料分析方竹栽培的气候条件,采用细网格气候资源推算方法,建立方竹出笋期各气候资源与地理地形因子的相关模型.利用地理信息系统制作各气候资源分布图.根据指标,确定方竹栽培的气候适宜性分区.     

黄淮海平原典型区生态功能区划研究——以山东聊城为例

以黄淮海平原典型区山东聊城为例,在野外考察、历史资料分析的基础上,利用遥感、地理信息系统等多种手段,研究了该区生态功能区划方案.结果表明:研究区地理分布格局明显,生态环境敏感性和生态服务功能重要性等级较为清晰,通过自上而下将聊城划分为4个一级区、11个二级区和25个三级区,在此基础上,根据各功能区存在的主要生态问题,提出了相应的利用方案.     

Proton release by N2‐fixing plant roots: A possible contribution to phytoremediation of calcareous sodic soils

With a world‐wide occurrence on about 560 million hectares, sodic soils are characterized by the occurrence of excess sodium (Na⁺) to levels that can adversely affect crop growth and yield. Amelioration of such soils needs a source of calcium (Ca²⁺) to replace excess Na⁺ from the cation exchange sites. In addition, adequate levels of Ca²⁺ in ameliorated soils play a vital role in improving the structural and functional integrity of plant cell walls and membranes. As a low‐cost and environmentally feasible strategy, phytoremediation of sodic soils — a plant‐based amelioration — has gained increasing interest among scientists and farmers in recent years. Enhanced CO₂ partial pressure (P_CO2) in the root zone is considered as the principal mechanism contributing to phytoremediation of sodic soils. Aqueous CO₂ produces protons (H⁺) and bicarbonate (HCO₃^‐). In a subsequent reaction, H⁺ reacts with native soil calcite (CaCO₃) to provide Ca²⁺ for Na⁺ Ca²⁺ exchange at the cation exchange sites. Another source of H⁺ may occur in such soils if cropped with N₂‐fixing plant species because plants capable of fixing N₂ release H⁺ in the root zone. In a lysimeter experiment on a calcareous sodic soil (pH_s = 7.4, electrical conductivity of soil saturated paste extract (EC_e) = 3.1 dS m^‐1, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) = 28.4, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) = 27.6, CaCO₃ = 50 g kg^‐1), we investigated the phytoremediation ability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). There were two cropped treatments: Alfalfa relying on N₂ fixation and alfalfa receiving NH₄NO₃ as mineral N source, respectively. Other treatments were non‐cropped, including a control (without an amendment or crop), and soil application of gypsum or sulfuric acid. After two months of cropping, all lysimeters were leached by maintaining a water content at 130% waterholding capacity of the soil after every 24±1 h. The treatment efficiency for Na⁺ removal in drainage water was in the order: sulfuric acid > gypsum = N₂‐fixing alfalfa > NH4NO3‐fed alfalfa > control. Both the alfalfa treatments produced statistically similar root and shoot biomass. We attribute better Na+ removal by the N₂‐fixing alfalfa treatment to an additional source of H⁺ in the rhizosphere, which helped to dissolve additional CaCO₃ and soil sodicity amelioration.