基于三螺旋理论的农业科技协同创新实践探索

文章以三螺旋理论作为协同创新的理论依据,构建了农业科技创新三螺旋结构模型,并对其运行机理与发展趋势进行了分析和验证。在此基础上,总结了江苏省推进落实农业科技协同创新的实践成效与启示,为促进农业领域"政产学研用"深度融合、推动多元创新主体协同发展,积累了宝贵的经验。     

nisin Z铰链区电荷突变体抑菌性的研究

以含nisZ基因的质粒pHJ201为模板,对乳链菌肽铰链区进行定点突变,并以pMG36e为载体,转入受体菌L.lactis NZ9800进行表达,研究不同电荷铰链区突变体的特性及结构。结果表明,9个突变体中除N 20En is in Z,M21E nisinZ和K22E n is in Z失去抑菌活性外,其余突变体的抑菌活性均有下降;N20K nisinZ和M21KnisinZ突变体的抑菌谱发生了变化,其对革兰氏阴性菌沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和假单胞菌均有抑菌活性。CD谱表明,在波长210~220 nm区,N 20K nisinZ和M21KnisinZ的-αhelix值均较野生型nisinZ略有提高。     

作物三亲本三交与三亲本双交对比分析

该文通过比较三亲本三交与三亲本双交杂种后代的遗传变异特点,并结合北京10号小麦良种选育成功的经典实例分析后认为,双交比三交的选择进程可能早一年,双交的单交 F1育种价值较高,双交的复交时机比较灵活机动。又从采用三交比采用双交育成更多的小麦等作物品种的事实出发,同时也指出了双交也具有杂交工作量大的缺点。     

山区调绘航片有效作业面积探讨

垂直航空摄影像片上存在的投影差,使得坡向向像主点的坡长影像相对延长,逆像主点的坡长影像相对缩短,这在高差大、坡向变化频繁的山区更为显著。当坡长影像长度小子于其理论影像长度的2/3时,坡面上的各地类界线难以判清;小于1/2时,则坡面上的许多地类都难以判出。因此,以像主点为中心的航片最适有效作业半径r_1≤- H_A/2h D_1=f/3tgα,极限有效作业半径rm=- H_A/h D_1=f/2tgα,即最适和极限有效作业半径决定于逆向坡高差h的负值和坡长影像长度D_1或地面倾角α。     

Organic residues affect phosphorus availability and maize yields in a Nitisol of western Kenya

 The effects of organic residues and inorganic fertilizers on P availability and maize yield were compared in a Nitisol of western Kenya. Leaf biomass of Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Croton megalocarpus, Lantana camara, Sesbania sesban, and Tithonia diversifolia were incorporated into the soil at 5 Mg ha^–1 for six consecutive seasons in 3 years and responses compared with those following the application of 120 kg N ha^–1, 0 kg P ha^–1 (0P); 120 kg N ha^–1, 10 kg P ha^–1; and 120 kg N ha^–1 25 kg P ha^–1 as urea and triple superphosphate (TSP); K was supplied in all treatments. Addition of Tithonia, Lantana and Croton increased soil resin-extractable P over that of fertilizer-amended soil throughout the first crop, but the amounts in the former treatments became similar to those for soils amended with inorganic fertilizers for subsequent crops. Addition of Sesbania, Calliandra and Senna had a similar effect on resin P as inorganic fertilizers. Total maize yields after six seasons were tripled by the application of Tithonia compared to 0P, and were higher than those of the Calliandra, Senna, Sesbania and Lantana treatments, and similar only to that of the Croton treatment. P recovered in the above-ground biomass and resin P, immediately after the implementation of the treatments, was higher in the Senna, Sesbania, Croton, Lantana and Tithonia (35–77%) treatments than in the inorganic fertilizer treatments (21–27%). The P content of organic residues, and the soluble C:total P ratio, were the main residue parameters predicting soil P availability and maize yield. All organic residues used in this study can replace inorganic fertilizers for the enhancement of P availability and maize production, while an additional benefit could be obtained from the use of Croton, Lantana and Tithonia. Received: 19 January 2000     

山西瘦肉型猪SD-Ⅱ系繁殖性状的表型和遗传参数估测

本文对山西瘦肉型猪SD—Ⅱ系繁殖性状的表型参数和遗传参数进行了研究 ,结果如下 :(1)繁殖性状存在负的母体效应 ,表型变化不稳定 (呈亲代高子代低 ,亲代低子代高的趋势 ) ,不适宜用表型选择进行选择 ;(2 )总产仔数、活产仔数、初生窝重、初生个体平均重、泌乳力、断奶窝重、断奶个体平均重、断奶头数、总乳头数的遗传力分别为 0 2 30、 0 2 42、 0 2 19、 0 2 5 7、 0 184、 0 12 8、 0 40 8、 0 419、 0 5 0 2 ,与国内文献报道结果相近 ,而高于国外文献报道结果。 (3)繁殖性状间的遗传相关都比较强 ,断奶头数与大多数繁殖性状的遗传相关呈显著或极显著的正相关 ,因此应作为繁殖性状的主选性状之一     

Genetic analysis of late blight resistance in a new RIL population of tomato derived from LB-resistant Solanum pimpinellifolium accession PI 270443

Late blight (LB), caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide. Aggressive pathogen isolates resistant to fungicides have driven research in favour of finding new sources of host resistance for tomato breeding. Recently, we reported S. pimpinellifolium accession PI 270443 exhibiting LB resistance stronger than all commercial LB-resistant tomato cultivars. The purpose of this study was to examine the inheritance of LB resistance conferred by this accession. An interspecific cross was made between PI 270443 and a LB-susceptible tomato breeding line and advanced to F₁₀ generation. A total of 166 F₉ and corresponding F₁₀ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were evaluated for response to LB in four replicated greenhouse experiments. Estimates of heritability (h²) of LB resistance, determined by parent–offspring (F₉:F₁₀) correlation analysis, ranged from 0.66 to 0.81, with an average of 0.76. The moderately high h² of LB resistance in PI 270443 suggests the utility of this accession for tomato breeding. Molecular mapping and RNA-sequencing efforts are underway to identify genes underlying LB resistance in PI 270443.     

QuEChERS-三重四极杆串联质谱测定柑橘中农药基质效应的方法研究

【目的】针对柑橘中常用的农药,采用QuEChERS方法和超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱,系统研究了其测定过程中的基质效应。【方法】柑橘样品利用乙酸-乙腈溶液(V∶V=1∶99)提取、GCB净化,采用甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液(含1 mmol·L^-1乙酸铵)作为流动相,正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式,基质外标法定量,可以有效地减弱基质效应。【结果】10种农药在柑橘中主要是以基质抑制为主,其基质效应范围为-18%~4%,在0.1~100 ng·mL^-1内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)大于0.999,检出限为0.08~0.30μg·kg^-1,回收率为70.5%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.32%~5.76%。【结论】该方法快速简便、净化效果好,适合柑橘中常见农药的快速测定。