我国猪肉国际市场可依赖程度研究——基于主要肉类产品的对比分析

基于中国统计年鉴、全国农产品收益资料汇编、联合国贸易统计数据库和联合国粮农组织近十年的统计数据,本文将我国猪肉、牛肉及羊肉产品的生产、消费及贸易情况进行比较,构建出口产出弹性指标评价我国猪肉进口来源国的市场可依赖程度。结果显示:从猪肉进口来源国的出口产出弹性看,德国、西班牙、英国、爱尔兰、罗马尼亚、波兰、捷克和俄罗斯等国的国际市场可依赖程度较高,我国应当增加从上述国家进口猪肉,有利于降低猪肉进口风险,同时增加"一带一路"战略的区域合作内涵。     

农业行业协会在我国农产品反倾销中的定位分析

基于进口产品对我国农产品市场造成极大冲击及我国对其实施反倾销的现状,从反倾销主体、农产品生产经营、农产品从业者的法规认知等角度分析我国对进口产品反倾销不足的原因,明确农业行业协会在反倾销活动中的主体地位及角色定位,旨在更好地发挥其自身作用,维护我国农产品企业合法权益。     

Defining output-based standards to achieve and maintain tuberculosis freedom in farmed deer, with reference to member states of the European Union

Within the European Union (EU), detailed legislation has been developed for cattle, but not deer, to minimise disease risks associated with trade in animals and animal products. This legislation is expressed as input-based standards, providing a detailed outline of the activity required (for example, testing of animals and application of defined control measures), on the expectation that an adequate output (for example, confidence in freedom) will be achieved. Input-based standards are at odds with the increasing shift towards output-based standards, particularly in OIE rules governing international trade. In this paper, we define output-based standards to achieve and maintain freedom from tuberculosis (TB) in farmed deer, with reference to EU member states. After considering the probability of freedom achieved for cattle under existing EU legislation, we defined a ‘free farmed deer holding’ as one with a probability of freedom from infection of at least 99%. We then developed an epidemiological model of TB surveillance systems for deer holdings, incorporating different surveillance strategies, including combinations of diagnostic tests, and a variety of different scenarios relating to the potential for introduction of infection. A range of surveillance strategies were identified to achieve and maintain a free farmed deer holding, and worked examples are presented. The surveillance system sensitivity for varying combinations of screening and confirmatory tests in live animals, animals at slaughter and on-farm deaths is also presented. Using a single test at a single point in time, none of the TB tests routinely used in farmed deer is able to achieve an acceptable probability of TB freedom. If repeat testing were undertaken, an acceptable probability of TB freedom could be achieved, with differing combinations of the surveillance system sensitivity, frequency of testing and risk of introduction. The probability of introduction of infection through the importation of infected deer was influenced by the use of a pre-movement test (assumed 90% test sensitivity and negative test results), the TB prevalence in the source herd and the number of animals imported. A surveillance system sensitivity of at least 81% was achieved with different combinations of annual live animal surveillance and surveillance of animals at slaughter or on-farm deaths. This methodology has broad applicability and could also be extended to other diseases in both deer and other species with relevance to trade in animals and animal products.     

对发挥农产品批发市场价格中心作用的探析

从国际经验来看,农产品批发市场不但是辐射面广、凝聚力强的产销中心,更是农产品价格形成中心.农产品批发市场的规范、有序运行对稳定农产品市场供求,引导农业生产顺利进行具有关键性的作用.而我国农产品批发市场由于发展滞后,运作方式原始、粗放,应有功能没有得到充分发挥.因此,加强基础设施建设,强化制度建设并实行农业产业化是进一步发挥农产品批发市场价格中心作用的关键措施.     

多哈农业改革对发展中国家农产品贸易的影响

WTO新一轮谈判于2004年8月1日达成框架协议,农业谈判在国内支持、出口竞争、市场准入等方面取得了一定的进展,是后续谈判的基础.运用ATPSM模型,在对欧盟、美国、日本、加拿大农业自由化改革模拟的基础上,探索了以框架协议为基础的多哈农业改革对发展中国家农产品贸易的可能影响.     

Accounting for geographic heterogeneity of multifunctional rice policy in Taiwan

Through empirical simulations of the Taiwanese rice market, we estimate the effects of agricultural policies designed to ensure optimal levels of two multifunctional outputs, groundwater recharge, and methane emissions. Optimal policy instruments differ by region to reflect land quality and the conditions of the aquifers in major rice production regions. The effects on rice production, resource allocation, and returns to farm assets differ as well.

中国竹藤家具、竹地板国际市场竞争力评价及建议

以2007—2016年间竹藤家具、竹地板贸易数据为基础,选取国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数和显示性比较优势指数来分析中国竹藤家具、竹地板的国际竞争力。结果表明:中国竹藤家具、竹地板国际市场占有率较高,贸易竞争优势较大,显示性比较优势明显,但竹地板的显示性比较优势指数逐年下降。基于此,提出通过科技创新提高产品附加值、优化出口产品结构等建议。     

我国进口《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》管制树种贸易动态

使用2009—2015年《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》（CITES）管制树种贸易数据分析我国进口CITES管制树种的种类、来源国、贸易目的和树种来源。研究结果显示,中国进口CITES管制树种呈现出进口种类集中、进口树种数量和来源国不断增加的趋势,且进口CITES管制树种基本来源于野外并用于商业性用途。针对贸易现状,文中从保护野生树种资源的角度对进一步规范CITES贸易活动提出了针对性建议。     

关于破解蚕茧交易“瓶颈”的探索

文章介绍了我国茧丝绸产业发展的现状,分析了建立蚕茧生丝拍卖交易平台的必要性和蚕茧拍卖交易的可行性,提出了构建中介拍卖平台,建立公平交易制度,提高茧丝绸产业发展的市场化程度,是破解蚕茧交易"瓶颈",促进产业发展与国际市场接轨的必由之路。     

蓝色贸易壁垒探析

近年来贸易自由化程度不断提高,但一些发达国家正力图构筑起一种新型的贸易壁垒———蓝色贸易壁垒。我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,出口产品以劳动密集型产品为主,劳动力廉价是我国出口产品的比较优势所在,而这正是蓝色贸易壁垒针对的主要对象。在分析我国遭遇蓝色贸易壁垒的现状和必然性的基础上,探讨蓝色贸易壁垒对我国外贸、国际收支平衡以及劳动者3个方面的影响,并从国际和国内2个层面提出应对蓝色贸易壁垒的策略。