重庆市畜禽粪便年排放量的估算研究

畜禽养殖产生的粪便已成为我国农村面源污染的主要来源，因而畜禽粪便的排放量也越来越引起人们的重视。通过对重庆市畜禽养殖业进行调查，结合国内外有关研究，确定重庆市畜禽粪便年排放量估算方法和各种估算参数。以2001年为基准，估算出重庆市主要畜禽(猪、牛、羊、马、兔、家禽等)年粪尿排放量和粪尿中对环境产生污染的主要物质量(有机质、氮、磷、钾)，以便对重庆市畜禽粪便污染作一个定量的认识。估算结果为重庆市2001年畜禽粪尿排放7421万t，其中有机质为806万t，氮42.5万t、磷21.48万t、钾44.98万t。该研究结果可为重庆市工农业生产布局和环境污染治理提供决策依据。     

三川河二期重点治理成效与经验

三川河二期重点治理成效与经验宋志学（黄河水利委员会水土保持局，郑州４５０００３）黄河流域四片水土流失重点治理区第二期工程治理任务重、时间短，治理难度大、要求高，投资水平低。如何保质保量按期完成二期重点治理任务，山西省三川河片的做法，提供了好经验。１９...     

超载运输对无基层泥路沉陷的破坏及防治

本文分析了超载运输造成无基层泥路沉陷发生发展过程、分布情况和各相关因素，并对路基沉陷的防治措施提出了看法。     

一类带跳的线性回归模型

针对普通的常系数线性回归模型存在预测误差较大的缺陷，对Hildreth-Houck模型进行修正，得到带跳的线性回归模型(LRMJ)，对该模型中各参数进行估计，并对模型中被解释变量的数学期望与方差等统计性质进行讨论．最后将该模型运用于一个实际问题，证明该模型不仅可行而且能够得到比普通常系数线性回归模型更为精确的预测值。     

Discrimination and abundance estimation of wild and released abalone Haliotis diversicolor using stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis in north-eastern Taiwan

The discrimination between wild and released Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor was performed by stable carbon isotope analysis. Abalone samples were collected from Mao Aw Gulf in north-eastern Taiwan. Live abalone and dead shells were collected by divers with an 80 × 80 cm frame. The densities and amounts of wild and released abalone, as well as the survival rates of released abalone, in 1997 and 1998 were estimated. The age of the specimens was also determined from the specific temperature of each month and the inverse relationship between oxygen isotope values and temperatures. Results show that examining stable isotopic profiles proves to be a practical and feasible method for stock discrimination as well as density and abundance estimation. These data would be helpful in assessing the success of abalone culture and release programs, which aim to enhance this valuable marine resource.     

炼山对杉木人工林生态系统影响的计量与评价

在炼山、不炼山径流场定位观测基础上，根据炼山对杉木人工林生态系统的影响程度，首次采用定量方法对不同林地清理方式杉木林的生产效益、涵养水源效益及保持水土效益进行研究的结果表明：不炼山杉木人工体综合效益比炼山杉木人工林高１３６５．７６元／ｈｍ２，炼山清理迹地弊大于利。     

Phänotyp und Futterqualitat einschliefilich Konservierungseigenschaften bei Grasern

Phenotype and forage value, including conservation properties, of grasses The phenotype of grasses can be influenced by the date of harvest as well as by breeding programs. In contrast to dicotyledons, the stems of grasses are younger than the leaves, although the grass leaves are usually considered to have a higher nutritional value than the stems. In a field experiment, Lolium multiflorum Lam. ssp. gaudini (Parl.) Schinz et Kell. was grown as a model-plant in order to study effects of ploidy-level, N-fertilization, stage of development, and growth time on the main aspects of nutritional value and conservation properties in relation to the phenotype. As regards the nutritional value, the interactions of ploidy × plant organ (=stem or leaf) and of ploidy × N-input were not significant. Hence, the results for leaf and stem can be generahzed. Until the emergence of the inflorescence, EC 49, the stem showed a significant higher net energy content than the leaf; at later stages of development this relationship changed. The evaluation of the net energy content of leaf and stem was significantly influenced by the method of estimation. In vitro methods with rumen liquor may show the best approximation to the real value. The crude protein/energy ratio of the stem as compared to the leaf better meets the nutritional requirements of ruminants; on the other hand the leaf was more valuable than the stem in relation to the nitrate content, especially when the whole plant showed an increased nitrate level. The general relationship between the mineral content and the phenotype was not evident. The investigation indicated significant differences between stem and leaf in relation to their conservation properties. The leaf showed more favourable drying properties than the stem but ensilability was better for the stem than for the leaf. As a result of this investigation it is assumed that, in the past, the nutritional value of young stem has been underestimated whereas the value of the leaf has been overemphasized. This may also be due to the criteria and determination methods of the nutritional value.     

NOAA资料在草地资源监测中的应用研究

本文阐述了如何利用ＮＯＡＡ资料进行草地监测和产草量估计，在对不同时象的植被指数景象进行纠正的配准后，可叠加得到平均植被指数影象ＡＶＩ。使用聚类分析和数字地面高程模型，可将纠正的平均植被指数影象ＡＲＶＩ制成草地产量等级图。依据草地产量等级图，可对阜康县的１０个不同的草地产量级及其总产量给出准确的估计。     

31个杂交杨无性系对青杨叶锈病的抗性评价

在大田条件下对从北美新引种的31个杂交杨无性系对青杨叶锈病的抗性进行调查和评价的结果表明:所引进无性系对杨树叶锈病的抗性表现出很大的差异,从高度抗病到高度感病均有,但没有免疫的无性系。HE-2,XMH-10,XMH-9,HE-1,XMH-1,XMH-11,XMH-12,XMH-2,MH-8,XMH-7这10个无性系表现出高度抗病性,MH-9,DMH-3,MH-10,MH-4,MH-1,MH-6,MH-7,MH-2这8个无性系表现为高度感病。DN、NE杂交的大多数无性系有较高的抗病性,而TD、TN杂交的绝大多数无性系为感病或高度感病。同一杂交组合的不同无性系间,其抗性存在很大差异,有高抗,也有高感。