砒砂岩区排土场新构土体保水效应研究

以晋陕蒙露天煤矿区排土场为研究对象,利用土壤水分定位试验观测数据,研究了不同复配方式人工新构土体水分时空变化规律。结果表明:(1)排土场土体年内变化周期可分为雨季丰水期(7月—10月)和旱季贫水期(11月—翌年6月),土壤水分主要受自然降雨、蒸散、底层渗漏的影响;(2)与无防渗层土体相比,7月—10月雨量丰沛期防渗层的水分蓄积作用明显,较对照高9.65%~13%,防渗层处理的土体底层体积含水量增加了21.6%,砒砂岩防渗层、工程防渗布在蓄积水分上并没有显著差异;(3)风化煤增加了表层土体蒸发损失,不利于土体的持水性的提高;砒砂岩增加了土体剖面持水能力,相对于沙黄土,复配土体0~30 cm层次土壤体积含水量增加约3.36%~9.57%,30~40 cm底层约增加11.16%~13.65%。综合来看,砒砂岩掺混显著增强了土体的持水蓄水能力,防渗层有效截留渗漏水分并持续供给土体,对涵养土壤水库有积极作用。     

大功率拖拉机电气液综合制动系统研究

论述了我国大功率拖拉机制动系统的现状,拖拉机制动系统直接影响到行车安全。针对大功率拖拉机整机质量大,要求制动力大的特点,提出了电气液综合控制的制动系统。论述了大功率拖拉机电气液制动系统的原理,分析了制动器的制动力矩与整机制动和由地面附着条件所决定的制动力矩之间的关系。确定了选择制动系统的参数和结构的方法。用一套管路系统通过电气液的综合应用采用气顶油和电磁换向阀等结构实现双边制动和单边制动,可以有效避免偏刹等问题的产生。     

软包装枇杷罐头超高压杀菌效果的研究

将超高压技术应用于枇杷软罐头杀菌,研究不同处理压力、不同保压时间对细菌菌落总数、霉菌酵母菌菌落总数、胀袋情况的影响,结合硬度的变化探讨枇杷软罐头超高压杀菌效果。结果表明:在一定的压力范围内,超高压处理压力越高,对枇杷软罐头的杀菌效果越好。在相同的压力下,超高压杀菌效果随着保压时间的延长而提高。处理温度30℃、处理压力300 MPa、保压时间15 min即可满足枇杷软罐头保藏的要求。硬度测定结果表明,与传统热杀菌相比,超高压处理能较好地保持枇杷软罐头的硬度,提高枇杷软罐头品质。一定条件的超高压处理能使枇杷软罐头达到商业无菌,而且保证了枇杷软罐头的品质,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于效率优化的履带车辆再生制动控制策略

以履带车辆静动液辅助制动系统为研究对象,对液压泵/马达的性能进行了理论和数值分析,获得了液压泵/马达的效率曲线,在此基础上,根据液压泵/马达的效率最优原则,提出了基于液压泵/马达效率最优的再生制动控制策略。仿真结果表明,所提出的再生制动控制策略,在保证整车安全制动的前提下,使液压泵/马达工作在高效率区,实现了液压泵/马达的高效率工作,可进一步提高整车制动能量回收率。     

软儿梨石细胞含量测定及肉质粗细标准研究

通过冷冻法对青海省地产软儿梨进行石细胞含量测定,并进行相关分析,最终制订出青海省软儿梨肉质粗细标准,为今后软儿梨选优提供依据。     

Control strategy of regenerative braking for hybrid electric vehicle based on engine braking

Focusing on a continuously variable transmission(CVT) hybrid electric vehicle with integrate starter generator(ISG), modeling and simulating of engine braking was conducted. An optical control strategy of regenerative braking was put forward. When there is no regenerative braking, engine brake force can be used effectively by changing the CVT ratio to reduce the braking force requirements for wheel brakes based on the calculated results of engine braking. When there is regenerative braking, the braking priority sequence is generator braking, engine braking, and finally frictional braking. A forward simulation model for regenerative braking system of hybrid electric vehicle was built. The simulation and analysis under typical driving cycles was conducted. The result shows the control strategy and the models are reasonable and feasible.     

汽车ABS轮速信号处理过程的神经网络模型

为消除干扰信号对车轮轮速信号的影响,保证ABS的有效控制,利用BP神经网络的非线性映射功能,通过对标准信号滤波样本(由小波变换获得)的学习,建立起从信号输入到信号输出的BP神经网络模型,该模型可以把滤波过程通过权值和阈值集中存储和记忆,从而通过网络的联想能力来实现滤波和信号处理.利用相关的仿真试验数据验证了所建模型的正确性.     

路面不平度对装有ABS汽车制动性能的影响

为了揭示在汽车制动过程中路面冲击对装有ABS汽车制动性能的影响,建立了计及路面不平度的汽车整车动力学模型.在该模型中路面不平度利用随机的四轮路面输入来实现.结合常规的ABS逻辑门限控制策略进行了路面不平度对装有ABS汽车制动性能影响的仿真研究.通过数值模拟实例结果得到了制动过程中路面不平度对装有ABS汽车制动性能造成的影响,为可靠有效地设计汽车ABS控制策略提供了依据.     

四轮转向和差动制动联合控制的车辆横摆动力学

提出了一种基于四轮转向和差动制动联合控制的车辆横摆动力学控制策略。根据四轮转向和差动制动对横摆动力学的影响,设计了一个双输入双输出模糊控制器,以产生适当的横摆力矩和后轮转向角来控制质心侧偏角和横摆角速度。在Matlab／Simulink环境下建立了相应的仿真模型并在典型转向工况下进行了仿真试验。研究结果表明,与两个系统单独控制相比,联合控制情况下车辆的横摆动力学响应特性得到了很好的改善,从而提高了车辆的操纵稳定性和安全性。     

Growth responses of Lobaria retigera to forest edge and canopy structure in the inland temperate rainforest, British Columbia

The foliose cyanolichen Lobaria retigera is a sensitive old-growth forest indicator in British Columbia's inland rainforest. These forests are increasingly being fragmented by harvesting, raising concerns about edge effects and the maintenance of canopy lichen communities in remaining forest patches. We have examined the response of L. retigera to edge effects, using transplant experiments to compare growth responses between abrupt (hard) edges created by clearcut harvesting and more buffered (soft) edges created by variable-retention harvesting. L. retigera thalli placed along hard edges showed high mortality rates, with most thalli (from 64 to 100%) losing biomass at the end of each of the 3-year's measurement periods. Biomass loss along soft edges was much lower, occurring in fewer than 7% of thalli in the best year, up to 42% in the worst year. When growth rates were expressed against light availability at each branch location, thalli along variable-retention transects showed a positive response to increasing light availability. In contrast, thalli along the hard edge transects showed an abrupt decline in growth rates at equivalent levels of high light availability (canopy openness values >30%), where presumably the benefits of greater light availability were offset by heat or dessication stress. These results show a much greater sensitivity to edge effects in L. retigera, compared to earlier measurements at this site with the more common lichen Lobaria pulmonaria, a species that has a dominant green-algal photobiont partner. We suggest that increased use of variable-retention harvesting systems in which a substantial number of residual trees are left along cutblock edges has the potential to reduce the impacts of forest harvesting on canopy lichen biodiversity.