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11.
In Japan, the lifetime cycle of most housing lasts around 20–30 years. A governing factor in this respect is poor durability
due to old-fashioned use of the house. As a solution of this problem, houses can be built with a skeleton structure that allows
free partition of spaces by future owners. To develop the skeleton structure effectively, multistory frames with spans of
6 to 10 m are required. For this reason, attention has been focused on the behavior of multistory timber frame structures.
In this article, two types of wooden portal frame structures are proposed. Both structures have improved vertical columns
with short horizontal members glued in. The aim of this study was to investigate structurally effective solutions with these
types of columns. The first type of the new structure changed the location of the moment-transmitting ductile connection with
the improved columns. The second type of structure used an extended panel zone. Nine portal frame specimens were tested. The
stiffness values were improved by around 1.7 and 3.5 times when compared with the control, and the strength was improved by
around 1.25 and 1.45 times. 相似文献
12.
13.
Nutrient stocks of short-term fallows on a high base status soil in the humid tropics of Papua New Guinea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alfred E. Hartemink 《Agroforestry Systems》2004,63(1):33-43
In order to understand nutrient dynamics in tropical farming systems with fallows, it is necessary to assess changes in nutrient
stocks in plants, litter and soils. Nutrient stocks (soil, above ground biomass, litter) were assessed of one-year old fallows
with Piper aduncum, Gliricidia sepium and Imperata cylindrica in the humid lowlands of Papua New Guinea. The experiment was conducted on a high base status soil (Typic Eutropepts), and
in Papua New Guinea such soils are intensively used for agriculture. Soil samples were taken prior to fallow establisment
and after one year when the fallows were slashed and above ground biomass and nutrients measured. The above ground and litter
biomass of piper was 13.7 Mg dry matter ha-1, compared to 23.3 Mg ha-1 of gliricidia and 14.9 Mg ha-1 of imperata. Gliricidia produced almost 7 Mg ha-1 wood. Total above ground biomass returned to the soil when the fallows were slashed was the same for piper and gliricidia
(8 Mg ha-1). Gliricidia accumulated the largest amounts of all major nutrients except for K, which was highest in the above ground piper
biomass. Imperata biomass contained the lowest amount of nutrients. The largest stocks of C, N, Ca and Mg were found in the
soil, whereas the majority of P was found in the above ground biomass and litter. Almost half of the total K stock of piper
and gliricidia was in the biomass. During the fallow period, soil organic C significantly increased under gliricidia fallow
whereas no net changes occurred in piper and imperata fallows. The study has shown large differences in biomass and nutrient
stocks between the two woody fallows (piper, gliricidia) and between the woody fallows and the non-woody fallow (imperata).
Short-term woody fallows are to be preferred above grass (imperata) fallows in the humid lowlands of Papua New Guinea because
of higher nutrient stocks. 相似文献
14.
15.
Managed short-duration fallows may have the potential to replace longer fallows in regions where population density no longer
permits slow natural fallow successions. The purpose of fallows is not only to improve subsequent crop performance but also
to restore soil fertility and organic matter content for the long term. We therefore evaluated the soil organic matter and
nutrient flows and fractions in a short fallow experiment managed in the western Kenya highlands, and also compared the experimental
area with a 9–12-yr-oldadjacent natural bush fallow. The factorial agroforestry field experiment with four land-use and two
P fertilizer treatments on a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox showed that 31-wk managed fallows with Tithonia diversifolia(Hemsley) A. Gray and Crotalaria grahamiana Wight &Arn. improved soil fertility and organic matter content above those of a natural weed fallow and continuous maize
(Zea mays L.). Post-fallow maize yields were also improved, although cumulative three-season increases in yield were small (0–1.2 Mg
ha−1) when the yield foregone during the fallow season was accounted for. Improvements in yield and soil quality could be traced
to quantity or quality of biomass recycled by the managed fallows. The non-woody recycled biomass produced by the continuous
maize, weed fallow, and tithonia treatments was near 2Mg ha−1, whereas crotalaria produced three times more recyclable biomass and associated N and P. Increases in topsoil N due to the
fallows may have been attributable in part to deep acquisition and recycling of N by the fallows. Particulate macro-organic
matter produced by the fallows contained sufficient N(30–50 kg ha−1) to contribute substantially to maize production. Organic Paccumulation (29 kg ha−1) similarly may play a significant role in crop nutrition upon subsequent mineralization. The effect of the P fertilizer application
on soil properties and maize yield was constant for all land-use systems (i.e., no land-use system × P fertilizer interactions
occurred). There was an indication that tithonia may have stimulated infestation of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth., and care must be taken to evaluate the full effects of managed fallows over several seasons.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
研究目的:研究建设用地扩张的驱动力。研究方法:基于改进C-D生产函数修正的STIRPAT模型和岭回归方法。研究结果:在其他条件相同的情况下,总人口每增加1%,将导致建设用地增加0.2110%,城市化率每提高1%,将导致建设用地增加0.0542%,人均可支配收入每提高1%,将导致建设用地增加0.0255%;货币资本投入每增加1%,将导致建设用地增加0.0157%。研究结论:(1)人口增长是中国建设用地扩张的最主要驱动力。(2)城市化是中国建设用地扩张的重要驱动力,城市化率的提高并没有导致建设用地总量的减少。(3)社会富裕水平和建设用地总面积之间不存在环境Kuznets曲线。(4)货币资本和建设用地之间的替代关系不明显,技术进步对土地集约利用水平提高的促进作用远远没有发挥出来。 相似文献
17.
条件植被温度指数(VTCI)综合了地表主要参数——植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(LST),能够较为准确地对干旱进行监测,可为抗旱救灾、遥感作物估产等提供科学依据。在改进层次分析法的加权VTCI与冬小麦产量的相关性研究成果和VTCI的季节性ARIMA模型干旱预测研究成果基础上,对关中平原的冬小麦产量进行向前1旬、2旬和3旬的预测研究。研究结果表明,产量预测结果与产量监测结果吻合较好,预测精度随着预测步长的增大而降低,关中平原4个地级市平均产量预测结果的最大相对误差为3.27%,说明用该方法可以进行向前3旬的产量预测。 相似文献
18.
基于改进边缘分割算法的幼苗信息提取 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
优化特征空间和改进分割算法是利用面向对象技术准确获取幼苗信息的关键,也是高空间分辨率数据提取目标地物信息迫切需要解决的问题。研究了在多光谱影像进行去噪声处理基础上,采用改进的基于边缘的算法进行影像分割,同时选取纹理、形状、光谱特征构建特征空间,实现幼苗信息提取的方法。结果表明,该方法对幼苗信息提取的总精度达86%,比传统技术提高了12%,KAPPA系数达0.814 5,比传统技术提高了0.115 9。该方法可以对幼苗信息进行准确快速提取,能够为生产或管理部门进行准确监测和决策提供依据,对未来造林情况进行预测和评价有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
优化反向PCR法分离转基因油菜外源T-DNA侧翼序列的研究(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]优化反向PCR(IPCR)条件分离油菜转基因外源T-DNA的侧翼序列。[方法]以单拷贝的转基因油菜FS4为研究材料,用SDS法和改良CTAB法(包括低温操作、增加酚氯仿的抽提次数以及延长低温沉淀时间等)提取转基因油菜总DNA,并进行酶切、纯化、自连接,再使用普通聚合酶与热启动高保真的ExTaqHS聚合酶进行两轮巢式PCR扩增,进行序列对比。油菜数据库比对搜索采用BBSRCBrassicaDB上WU-BLAST2.0工具,拟南芥数据库比对分析采用TAIR数据库中WU-BLAST2.0工具。为验证FS4转基因中T-DNA插入位点的真实性,根据序列比对分析结果在T-DNA插入位点的左右两端分别设计引物FS4-L与FS4-R。分别采用3对引物pS2/FS4-L、pA2/FS4-R、FS4-L/FS4-R同时对T1代转基因FS4杂合体和非转基因对照植株的基因组进行PCR验证。[结果]两轮巢式PCR扩增得到1个大小为4.0kb的片段,其序列与油菜数据库中BH652424和BZ044084两序列同源性分别高达97.8%和63.4%。根据序列比对结果设计特异引物对进行PCR验证的结果,也证明了FS4转基因油菜中T-DNA的确插入在该位点。[结论]优化后的IPCR条件能成功分离油菜转基因外源T-DNA的侧翼序列。 相似文献
20.
陈玉文 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2002,32(3):13-14
黄南州改良绒山羊绒纤维物理性状的测定结果为:细度14.14-14.68μm;伸直长度8.04μm;净绒率66.24%-76.92%;强度5.93-7.35cN;绒毛比37:64-51:49;绒毛束的纯绒率36.42%-43.34%,表明羊绒品质与柴达木绒山羊相当,优于国内其它部分品种,是优等的毛纺原料。 相似文献