中国基层公共文化服务平台政社共建研究

[目的/意义]各级政府鼓励和支持社会力量参与公共数字文化服务建设,为政社合作共建公共文化服务平台提供了良好契机。[方法/过程]文章梳理了基层公共文化服务平台政社共建的相关文献,结合政府与社会力量的角色作用、平台资源与服务的建设导向,分析了基层公共文化服务平台的政社共建模式,并结合政社共建平台的实践案例,分析其政社共建现状和取得的服务成效,指出政社共建平台存在的不足。[结果/结论]提出针对性的优化策略,旨在发挥政府与社会力量共建的强大合力,为提升中国基层公共数字文化服务效能提供参考。     

生产力发展与农村居民消费观念的变迁

介绍了我国农村地区生产力水平的发展现状,2004年中央惠农政策实施以来,农村地区生产力水平得到了迅速提升,主要表现在：农村劳动力文化素质的大幅度提升;农业生产机械的保有量不断增加;生产管理和决策水平不断提高。分析了生产力发展对农村居民消费观念变迁的推动作用：夯实了农村居民消费观念改变的物质基础;改善了农村居民的消费结构;提高了农村居民消费的社会化程度。提出了培育农村地区新的消费热点的对策建议：引导农村居民树立起现代消费理念;加大政策扶植力度;引导农村居民树立健康消费理念。     

路灯照射对大豆生长发育和产量的影响

通过对淮北市五马路沿线2块夏大豆的田间调查分析表明:受路灯照射的影响,夏大豆株高增加,开花期、成熟期推迟,底荚部位上升,单株生产力下降.且距离越近,植株越高,开花、成熟越晚,底荚部位越高,单株生产力越低.     

河北太行山区土地利用变化及其社会驱动机制分析

以河北太行山区为例,从土地利用动态变化入手,结合社会经济因素,定性与定量地探讨土地利用变化的驱动力;基于1987年和2000年两期遥感影像提取土地利用信息,分析土地利用类型数量、速度和结构等变化;通过构建土地利用结构与社会经济数据的相对变化数据库,建立社会经济驱动因素指标体系,对土地利用变化的驱动力进行相关分析和主成分分析;在定量分析基础上,从人口、经济、科技和政策等4个层面揭示其社会经济驱动机制.     

Extent and causes of site damage due to forestry traffic

Increased mechanization in the forestry means usually increased traffic on a ground which is also used as a growth substrate. In this state‐of‐the‐art article it is found that the traffic could have an areal extent of 10–30% of the site area mainly due to yarding at clear‐felling and thinning. In the future there could be up to 6 machine entries on the site till a stand age of 50 year.

Skidding is often recognized as the major cause of soil disturbance with 50–75% of the skid trails considered as apparently compacted. Rut formation after forwarders can also be a problem but harvesters seems to be forgotten or give minor problems.

In order to reduce soil compaction smaller machines must be considered on many sites. Maybe 5–10 tonnes machines with a real mean ground pressure of 60–70 kPa could give, thanks to good tyres, an acceptable level of soil disturbance.

High tractive forces and slip may contribute to the soil disturbance as much as double the ground pressure. Calculations show it is therefore better to carry the load than to skid. However, the change in weight balance of the machine due to the load is still a problem and maybe anti‐slip control could give the machine a better torque distribution.     

兰州市农业综合生产能力影响因素分析

运用相关分析和因子分析法,对兰州市1982-2004年农业综合生产能力(农业总产值)及其影响因素如耕地面积、化肥施用量、灌溉条件、农民收入、农村劳动力、农机总动力、农村用电量等进行了定量分析,得出近20多年来各因素对兰州市农业综合生产力发展的不同影响和作用,对促进兰州市农业生产力的进一步提高具有重要意义。     

A case study of forest change in the Swiss lowlands

This paper presents a regional case study of forest development and the history of forest use and management in the north-eastern lowlands of Switzerland during the 19th and 20th centuries. The analysis draws on historical documents related to forestry to consider the following aspects of forest change: forest types, growing stock, trees species composition and non-timber forest uses. Based on the data presented, three overlapping periods of forest use and management can be discerned. The period of traditional multiple use lasted until the second half of the 19th century. From the mid 19th to the mid 20th century, a period of primacy of timber production occurred. During the 20th century, the period of modern multi-impact management has developed. For these three periods, groups of main actors, their needs and interests, and how they were causing the changes in the aspects under study were defined. This procedure of defining periods and the respective groups of main actors is a critical link between landscape ecology and history, as changes in demands of the society can be directly linked with changes in land-use and land-cover.     

55年来黄土高原边缘地区耕地动态变化的多尺度分析

本文对地处干旱、半干旱黄土高原生态脆弱地带的大同市耕地现状和1949—2003年间耕地总量变化进行分析,同时采用Morlet小波变换方法,对大同市耕地面积变化进行了多时间尺度和相应的周期变化特征分析,得出55年来大同市耕地面积变化具有2—3年和6年左右的年际尺度周期变化,并预测未来大同市耕地面积变化趋势;运用主成分分析方法分析得出耕地动态变化的驱动机制为人口因素、农业现代化水平、经济发展水平三个方面,所得结论有利于在科学的指导下采取措施稳定耕地面积,为干旱半干旱地区耕地的可持续利用提供科学依据,对相关省市农业可持续发展具有重要意义。     

基于FLUENT的单-双涡室离心泵径向力分析

以某电厂3715L型脱硫泵为模型,应用商业软件FLUENT,采用标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对单-双涡室离心泵内部流场进行模拟,分析了这两种泵静压力和速度场的分布规律,并对径向力进行了计算分析.通过对比分析发现,单涡室离心泵在非设计工况点时隔舌两侧区域出现较大压差,作用于叶轮产生径向力,小流量时叶轮出口出现不对称的高速流体;双涡室结构能够有效地改善非设计工况点时压水室能量的转化,小流量时叶轮出口的高速液体呈对称分布,从而降低了压水室压差,起到了平衡径向力的作用;通过计算发现,偏离工况点时双涡室结构设计能有效地减小径向力.数值模拟的结果与现有理论的基本吻合,实际运行情况稳定,可以为更好地认识和设计双涡室离心泵提供依据.